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The Septic Brain

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Abstract

Sepsis is a major disease entity with important clinical implications. Sepsis-induced multiple organ failure is associated with a high mortality rate in humans and is clinically characterized by pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that sepsis survivors present long-term cognitive impairment, including alterations in memory, attention, concentration and/or global loss of cognitive function. However, the pathogenesis and natural history of septic encephalopathy and cognitive impairment are still poorly known and further understanding of these processes is necessary for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. This review discusses the clinical presentation and underlying pathophysiology of the encephalopathy and cognitive impairment associated with sepsis.

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Abbreviations

5HT-1A:

Serotonin receptor type 1A

ACTH:

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

AMPc:

Adenosine monophosphate cyclic

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

BDNF:

Brain derived-neurotrofic factor

CLP:

Cecal ligation and perforation

CNS:

Central nervous system

DFX:

Deferoxamine

CREB:

cAMP response element-binding

ICU:

Intensive care unit

GABAA :

Gama-aminobutyric acid receptor type A

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

NAC:

N-Acetylcysteine

NMDA:

N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid

NSE:

Neuron-specific enolase

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PKC:

Protein kinase C

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

SE:

Septic encephalopathy

SIRS:

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

VAChT:

Vesicle transporters of acetylcholine

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Acknowledgment

We would like to thank UNESC (Brazil), FAPESC (Brazil) and CNPq (Brazil) that supported the studies of our group that are cited in this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciuma, SC, Brazil

    Emilio L. Streck & Tatiana Barichello

  2. Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciuma, SC, Brazil

    Clarissa M. Comim & João Quevedo

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  1. Emilio L. Streck
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  2. Clarissa M. Comim
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  4. João Quevedo
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Correspondence to João Quevedo.

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Streck, E.L., Comim, C.M., Barichello, T. et al. The Septic Brain. Neurochem Res 33, 2171–2177 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9671-3

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