Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic diversity analysis in a seed orchard of Eucalyptus tereticornis

  • Published:
New Forests Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

India is the largest grower of Eucalyptus with an area of 3.943 million hectares under plantations and E. tereticornis is the predominant species in the plains of southern India with an average productivity of 12–25 m3 ha−1 year−1. With the aim to establish seedling seed orchards of the species, seed lots of fifteen provenances were imported from Australia and a trial was laid. In the present study the genetic diversity existing in the seed orchard was estimated using ISSR–PCR. Seven ISSR primers amplified 663 amplicons in the size ranging from 255 to 2,711 bp. The total number of polymorphic bands varied from 59 to 123 with 100% polymorphic banding profiles. The average gene diversity (Hj) of all the provenances ranged from 0.0589 to 0.1109 and the total gene diversity estimated was low (H T = 0.130) when compared to the earlier reports from other eucalypts species. Analysis of Molecular Variance partitioned the ISSR variation into inter and intra population components. The inter population component accounted for 55.2% of the variation and the intra population component accounted for 46.3% (P < 0.001). A neighbour-joining analysis was done using the dissimilarity matrix to determine the aggregation of the individuals into clusters. Existence of population structure among the populations was revealed in STRUCTURE analysis but geographical region based clustering was not observed. The assessment of intra and inter genetic variation documented in the present study suggests that, along with the phenotypic traits, knowledge about genetic diversity measured at the DNA level in individuals of seed orchards provide an objective guide for selective culling of trees for maintaining optimal diversity for enhanced genetic gains.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bahulikar RA, Lagu MD, Kulkarni BG, Pandit SS, Suresh HS, Rao MKV, Ranjekar PK, Gupta VS (2004) Genetic diversity among spatially isolated populations of Eurya nitida Korth. (Theaceae) based on inter—simple sequence repeats. Curr Sci 86:824–831

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balasaravanan T, Chezhian P, Kamalakannan R, Ghosh M, Yasodha R, Varghese M, Gurumurthi K (2005) Determination of inter and intra-species genetic relationships among six Eucalyptus species based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Tree Physiol 25:1295–1302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blair MW, Panaud O, McCouch SR (1999) Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) amplification for analysis of microsatellite motif frequency and fingerprinting in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 98:780–792

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bornet B, Branchard M (2001) Non-anchored inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers: reproducible and specific tools for genome fingerprinting. Plant Mol Bio Rep 19:209–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne M (1999) High genetic identities between three oil mallee taxa, Eucalyptus kochii ssp. kochii, ssp. plenissima and E. horistes, based on nuclear RFLP analysis. Heredity 82:205–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne M, Parrish TL, Moran GF (1998) Nuclear RFLP diversity in Eucalyptus nitens. Heredity 81:225–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr SGM (1973) Problems of the geography of the tropical eucalypts. In: Walker D (ed) Bridge and barrier: the natural and cultural history of Torres Strait. Australian National University, Canberra, pp 153–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamshama SAO, Mugasha AG, Wate PA (1999) Variation in performance of Eucalyptus tereticornis provenances at Michafutene, Mozambique. Silvae Genetica 48:261–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaturvedi AN, Sivaji P, Jayaramprasad DV (1989) Eucalyptus provenance trials in Andhra Pradesh. Ind For 115:445–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bull 19:11–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans J (1992) Plantation forestry in the tropics, 2nd edn. Oxford Science Publications, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM (1992) Analysis of molecular variance inferred from matrix distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondria DNA restriction data. Genetics 131:479–491

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK (2007) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: dominant markers and null alleles. Mol Ecol Notes 7:574–578

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fang DQ, Roose ML (1997) Identification of closely related citrus cultivars with inter-simple sequence repeat markers. Theor Appl Genet 95:408–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez ME, Figueiras AM, Benito C (2002) The use of ISSR and RAPD markers for detecting DNA polymorphism, genotype identification and genetic diversity with known origin. Theor Appl Genet 104:845–851

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaiotto FA, Bramucci M, Grattapaglia D (1997) Estimation of out-crossing rate in a breeding population of Eucalyptus urophylla with dominant RAPD and AFLP markers. Theor Appl Genet 95:842–849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gemas VJV, Almadanim MC, Tenreiro R, Martins A, Fevereiro P (2004a) Genetic diversity in the Olive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) cultivated in Portugal revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers. Genetic Resour Crop Evol 51:501–511

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gemas VJV, Neves LO, Araujo C, Fevereiro P (2004b) How can ISSR markers be useful in the management of genetic resources in a Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus baseline collection. In: Borralho N (ed) Eucalyptus in a changing world. Aveiro, pp 1–7

  • Ginwal HS, Kumar P, Sharma VK, Mandal AK, Harwood CE (2004) Genetic variability and early growth performance of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. in provenance cum progeny trials in India. Silvae Genetica 53:148–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez A, Coulson A, Brettell R (2002) Development of DNA markers (ISSRs) in mango. Acta Horti 5:39–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin AR, Cotterill PP (1988) Genetic variation in growth of outcrossed, selfed and open-pollinated progenies of Eucalyptus regnans and some implications for breeding strategy. Silvae Genet 37:124–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Hantula J, Dusabenygasani M, Hamelin RC (1996) Random amplified microsatellites (RAMS) a novel method for characterizing genetic variation within fungi. Eur J For Pathol 26:15–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardner C, Tibbits W (1998) Inbreeding depression for growth, wood and fecundity traits in Eucalyptus nitens. For Genet 5:11–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Hou YC, Yan ZH, Wei YM, Zheng YL (2005) Genetic diversity in barley from west China based on RAPD and ISSR analysis. Barley Genet Newsl 35:9–22

    Google Scholar 

  • House SM (1997) Reproductive biology of eucalypts. In: Williams J, Woniarski J (eds) Eucalypt ecology: individuals to ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Iglesias Trabado G, Wilstermann D (2008) Eucalyptus universalis. Global cultivated eucalypt forests map 2008. In: GIT Forestry Consulting’s Eucalyptologics: Information resources on Eucalyptus cultivation worldwide. Retrieved from http://www.git-forestry.com/ (September 2009)

  • Jacobs MR (1981) Eucalypts for planting. FAO forestry series no. 11. FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Jianming G, Shougong Z, Liwang Q, Yong Z, Chunguo W, Wenqin S (2006) ISSR and AFLP identification and genetic relationships of Chinese elite accessions from the genus Populus. Ann For Sci 63:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones TH, Vaillancourt RE, Potts BM (2007) Detection and visualization of spatial genetic structure in continuous Eucalyptus globules forest. Mol Ecol 16:697–707

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kamalakannan R, Barthwal S, Chezhian P, Balasaravanan T, Yasodha R, Gurumurthi K, Ghosh M (2006) Morphological and Molecular diversity among Casuarina and Allocasuarina species. Biotechnology 5:301–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamalakannan R, Varghese M, Lindgren D (2007) Fertility variation and its implications on relatedness in seed crops in seedling seed orchards of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tereticornis. Silvae Genetica 56:253–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang KS, Lindgren D, Mullin TJ (2001) Prediction of genetic gain and gene diversity in seed orchard crops under alternative management strategies. Theor Appl Genet 103:1099–1107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kantety RV, Zeng XP, Bennetzen JL, Zehr BE (1995) Assessment of genetic diversity in dent and popcorn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) amplification. Mol Breed 1:365–373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumaravelu G, Jagdees S, Rai RSV, Sampson B (1995) Provenanc es of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh and E. tereticornis Sm suitable to South Indian conditions—results of an IUFRO trial. Ann For 3:129–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewontin RC (1972) The apportionment of human diversity. Evol Biol 6:381–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Li C (2000) RAPD analysis of genetic variation in Eucalyptus micvotlzeca F.Muell. populations. Hereditas 132:151–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch M, Milligan BG (1994) Analysis of population genetic structure with RAPD markers. Mol Ecol 3:91–99

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mantel N (1967) The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27:209–220

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M (1987) Molecular evolutionary genetics. Columbia University press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nesbitt KA, Potts BM, Vaillancourt RE, West AK, Reid JB (1995) Partitioning and distribution of RAPD variation in a forest tree species, Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae). Heredity 74:628–637

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okun DO, Kenya EU, Oballa PO, Odee DW, Muluvi GM (2008) Analysis of genetic diversity in Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden) seed sources using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) molecular markers. Afr J Biotechnol 7:2119–2123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsson T, Lindgren D, Li B (2001) Balancing genetic gain and relatedness in seed orchards. Silvae Genetica 50:5–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Otegbeye GO (1990) Provenance variation in Eucalyptus tereticornis in a field trial within the Northern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria. Silvae Genetica 39:3–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Otegbeye GO (1991) Age trends in the genetic control of stem diameter of Eucalyptud tereticornis and the implication for selection. Silvae Genetica 40:85–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Payn KG (2008) Molecular genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the commercially important tropical forest tree species Eucalyptus urophylla. Ph.D Thesis, submitted to North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina

  • Payn KG, Dvorak WS, Myburg AA (2007) Chloroplast DNA phylogeography reveals the island colonisation route of Eucalyptus urophylla (Myrtaceae). Aust J Bot 55:673–683

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrier X, Flori A, Bonnot F (2003) Methods of data analysis. In: Hamon P, Seguin M, Perrier X, Glaszmann JC (eds) Genetic diversity of cultivated tropical plants. CIRAD, Montpellier, pp 33–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Poltri SNM, Zelener N, Traverso JR, Gelid P, Hopp HE (2003) Selection of a seed orchard of Eucalyptus dunnii based on diversity criteria calculated using molecular markers. Tree Physiol 23:625–632

    Google Scholar 

  • Potts BM, Pederick LA (2000) Morphology, phylogeny, origin, distribution and genetic diversity of eucalypts. In: Keane PJ, Kile GA, Podger FD, Brown BN (eds) Diseases and pathogens of eucalypts. CSIRO Publishing, Australia, pp 11–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155:945–959

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard JK, Wen X, Falush D (2007) Documentation for structure software: Version 2.2

  • Pryor LD (1976) The biology of eucalypts. Edward Arnold, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf FJ (1998) NTSYS-PC numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Version 2.0. Exeter Software, Setauket

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruas PM, Ruas CF, Rampim L, Carvalho VP, Ruas EA, Sera T (2003) Genetic relationship in Coffea species and parentage determination of inter-specific hybrids using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers. Gen Mol Biol 26:319–327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz MK, McKelvey KS (2008) Why sampling scheme matters: the effect of sampling scheme on landscape genetic results. Cons Genet. doi:10.1007/s10592-008-9622-1

  • Skabo S, Vaillancourt RE, Potts BM (1998) Fine-scale genetic structure of a Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus forest revealed by RAPDs. Aust J Bot 46:583–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steane DA, Conod N, Jones RC, Vaillancourt RE, Potts BM (2006) A comparative analysis of population structure of a forest tree, Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae), using microsatellite markers and quantitative traits. Tree Gen & Genomes 2:30–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsumara Y, Ohba K, Strauss SH (1996a) Diversity and inheritance of inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphisms in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and sugi (Cryptomeria japonica). Theor Appl Genet 92:40–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsumara Y, Kawahara T, Wiekneswari R, Yoshimura K (1996b) Molecular phylogeny of Dipterocarpaceae in Southeast Asia using RFLP of PCR-amplified chloroplast genes. Theor Appl Genet 93:22–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varghese M, Kamalakannan R, Harwood CE, Lindgren D, McDonald MW (2009) Changes in growth performance and fecundity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tereticornis during domestication in southern India. Tree Genet Genomes. doi:10.1007/s11295-009-0215-z

  • Vekemans X, Beauwens T, Lemaire M, Roldan-Ruiz I (2002) Data from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers show indication of size homoplasy and of a relationship between degree of homoplasy and fragment size. Mol Ecol 11:39–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei X, Wai JQ, Cao HL, Li F, Ye WH (2005) Genetic diversity and differentiation of Camellia euphlebia (Theaceae) in guangxi, China. Ann Bot Fennici 42:365–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler MA, Byrne M, Mccomb JA (2003) Little genetic differentiation within the dominant forest tree, Eucalyptus marginata (Myrtaceae) of South-Western Australia. Silvae Genetica 52:5–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe AD, Liston A (1998) Contributions of the polymerase chain reaction to plant systematics. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ (eds) Molecular systematics of plants. Kluwer, New York, pp 43–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasodha R, Kathirvel M, Sumathi R, Gurumurthi K, Sunil A, Nagaraju J (2004) Genetic analyses of casuarinas using ISSR and FISSR markers. Genetica 122:161–172

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle T (1999) POPGENE, Microsoft widows-based freeware for population genetic analysis, release 1.31 version. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre Univ. Alberta, Edmonton

    Google Scholar 

  • Zelener N, Poltri SN, Bartoloni N, Lopez CR, Hopp HE (2005) Selection strategy for a seedling seed orchard design based on trait selection index and genomic analysis by molecular markers: a case study for Eucalyptus dunnii. Tree Physiol 25:1457–1467

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhivotovsky LA (1999) Estimating population structure in diploids with multilocus dominant DNA markers. Mol Ecol 8:907–913

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zietkiewicz E, Rafalski A, Labuda D (1994) Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)—anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics 20:176–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zobel B, Talbert J (1984) Applied forest tree improvement. Wiley, Prospect Heights, Illinois

    Google Scholar 

  • Zobel BJ, Van WG, Stahi P (1987) Growing exotic forests. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biotechnology Division, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Forest Campus, R.S.Puram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 002, India

    P. Chezhian, R. Yasodha & Modhumita Ghosh

Authors
  1. P. Chezhian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Yasodha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Modhumita Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Modhumita Ghosh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chezhian, P., Yasodha, R. & Ghosh, M. Genetic diversity analysis in a seed orchard of Eucalyptus tereticornis . New Forests 40, 85–99 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9184-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9184-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation