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Nanotechnological solutions for controlling transmission and emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, future prospects, and challenges: a systematic review

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Abstract

Globally, a high prevalence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, mostly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, has been reported. Infections caused by such bacteria are expensive and hard to treat due to reduced efficient treatment alternatives. Centered on the current rate of antibiotics production and approvals, it is anticipated that by 2050 up to 10 million people could die annually due to MDR pathogens. To this effect, alternative strategies such as the use of nanotechnology to formulate nanobactericidal agents are being explored. This systematic review addresses the recent approaches, future prospects, and challenges of nanotechnological solutions for controlling transmission and emergence of antibiotic resistance. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and BioMed Central databases from June 2018 to January 2019 was performed. The search keywords used were “use of nanotechnology to control antibiotic resistance” to extract articles published only in English encompassing all research papers regardless of the year of publication. PubMed and BioMed Central databases literature exploration generated 166 articles of which 49 full-text research articles met the inclusion guidelines. Of the included articles, 44.9%, 30.6%, and 24.5% reported the use of inorganic, hybrid, and organic nanoparticles, respectively, as bactericidal agents or carriers/enhancers of bactericidal agents. Owing to the ever-increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to old and newly synthesized drugs, alternative approaches such as nanotechnology are highly commendable. This is supported by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies assessed in this review as they reported high bactericide efficacies of organic, inorganic, and hybrid nanoparticles.

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Abbreviations

MDR:

Multidrug resistant

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA:

Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

CRE:

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

AMR:

Antimicrobial resistance

IS:

Insertion sequence

NP:

Nanoparticles

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

MBC:

Minimum bactericidal concentration

PDR:

Pan drug resistant

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

μg:

Microgram

ml:

Milliliter

TPU:

Thermoplastic polyurethane

DA:

Polydopamine

NS:

Nanosilver

pSWCNT-Ag:

Pegylated silver-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes

SWCNT-Ag:

Silver-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes

PHEMA:

Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate

BMP-2:

Bone morphogenetic protein 2

PLGA:

Poly-DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid

PAH:

Polyelectrolyte

MNP-CSA-13:

Ceragenin-coated iron oxide magnetic NPs

CSA-13:

Ceragenin 13

ZNG:

Zinc oxide nanorods-graphene nanoplatelets

DMAP-PTA:

Dimethyl amino pyridine propylthioacetate

CdTe:

Cadmium tellurium

TiO2 :

Titanium oxide

MPA:

Mercaptopropionic acid

QD:

Quantum dots

SLN:

Solid lipid nanoparticles

EO:

Essential oil

Cipro:

Ciprofloxacin

CSNP:

Chitosan nanoparticles

mPEG:

Monomethoxy polyethylene glycol

OA:

Oleic acid

PCL:

Poly Ɛ-caprolactone

GO:

Graphene oxide

SMZ:

Sulfamethoxazole

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

IL:

Interleukin

BA:

Bacitracin A

ZIF:

Zeolitic imidazolate framework

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

FETEM:

Field emission transmission electron microscopy

HRTEM:

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

ATR-FTIR:

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy

FTIR:

Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

EDX:

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimeter

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

DRS:

UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

Mtb:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

MTT:

(Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

XTT:

2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT)

CCK:

Cell Counting Kit-8

UV:

Ultraviolet

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to MAPRONANO ACE for funding this work.

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All relevant data has been submitted with the manuscript and therefore no supplementary data.

Funding

The authors declare that this systematic review was funded by Africa Centre of Excellence in Materials, Product Development and Nanotechnology, MAPRONANOACE Makerere University. This study was also funded in part by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and Makerere University under Sida Contribution No: 51180060. The grant is part of the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP2) program supported by the European Union.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda

    Kenneth Ssekatawa, Dennis K. Byarugaba, Charles D. Kato, Francis Ejobi, Robert Tweyongyere & Eddie M. Wampande

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, P. O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda

    Kenneth Ssekatawa

  3. African Center of Excellence in Materials, Product Development and Nanotechnology: College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda

    Michael Lubwama & John Baptist Kirabira

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  1. Kenneth Ssekatawa
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  2. Dennis K. Byarugaba
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  3. Charles D. Kato
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  4. Francis Ejobi
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  6. Michael Lubwama
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  7. John Baptist Kirabira
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  8. Eddie M. Wampande
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Contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Eddie Wampande (EW), Lubwama Michael (LM), Kirabira John Baptist (KJB), Dennis K Byarugaba (DKB), Robert Tweyongyere (RB), and Francis Ejobi (FB) conceptualized and designed the format for this systematic review. Kenneth Ssekatawa (KS), Charles Kato Drago (CKD), and EW performed the literature search and data analysis. All authors drafted the section of literature review. KS, EW, LM, KJB, and CKD wrote the first draft of the manuscript and managed manuscript revisions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Eddie M. Wampande.

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This article is part of the topical collection: Nanotechnology Convergence in Africa

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Ssekatawa, K., Byarugaba, D.K., Kato, C.D. et al. Nanotechnological solutions for controlling transmission and emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, future prospects, and challenges: a systematic review. J Nanopart Res 22, 117 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04817-7

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