Skip to main content
Log in

Fabrication of bovine serum albumin nanotubes through template-assisted layer by layer assembly

  • Brief communication
  • Published:
Journal of Nanoparticle Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One-dimensional protein nanostructures have many potential applications in the biomedical field. In this article, protein nanotubes have been fabricated via sequential filtration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution at pH 3.8 and 7.0 through the nanochannels of anodic aluminum oxide templates. The morphology of the nanostructures has been examined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Circular dichroism and UV/Vis spectroscopy have been used to select experimental conditions such as the pH values and the etching solution to release the fabricated protein nanotubes to minimize potential damage to the bioactivity of BSA. These results indicate that much more study needs to be done to strengthen the mechanical stability of the protein nanotubes and to better control their morphology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

References

  • Alem H, Blondeau F, Glinel K, Demoustier-Champagne S, Jonas AM (2007) Layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes in nanopores. Macromolecules 40(9):3366–3372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker LA, Jin P, Martin CR (2005) Biomaterials and biotechnologies based on nanotube membranes. Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci 30:183–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ballister ER, Lai AH, Zuckermann RN, Cheng Y, Mougous JD (2008) In vitro self-assembly of tailorable nanotubes from a simple protein building block. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 105(10):3733–3738

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baughman RH, Zakhidov AA, de Heer WA, Baughman RH, Zakhidov AA, de Heer WA (2002) Carbon nanotubes—the route toward applications. Science 297(5582):787–792

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blomberg E, Claesson PM, Tilton RD (1994) Short-range interaction between adsorbed layers of human serum albumin. J Colloid Interface Sci 166:427–436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buron CC, FiliA cent tre C, Membrey F, Bainier C, Charraut D, Foissy A (2007) Effect of substrate on the adsorption of polyelectrolyte multilayers: study by optical fixed-angle reflectometry and afm. Colloid Surf A 305(1–3):105–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buron CC, Filiâtre C, Membrey F, Bainier C, Buisson L, Charraut D, Foissy A (2009) Surface morphology and thickness of a multilayer film composed of strong and weak polyelectrolytes: effect of the number of adsorbed layers, concentration and type of salts. Thin Solid Films 517(8):2611–2617

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caruso F, Trau D, Mohwald H, Renneberg R (2000) Enzyme encapsulation in layer-by-layer engineered polymer multilayer capsules. Langmuir 16(4):1485–1488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Soper SA, McCarley RL (2007) Free-standing, erect ultrahigh-aspect-ratio polymer nanopillar and nanotube ensembles. Langmuir 23(23):11777–11781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Duan H, Zhou Z, Liang J (2008) Fabrication of free-standing cu nanorod arrays on cu disk by template-assisted electrodeposition. Nanotechnology 19(36):365306/365301–365306/365306

    Google Scholar 

  • Decher G (1997) Fuzzy nanoassemblies: toward layered polymeric multicomposites. Science 277(5330):1232–1237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty SA, Zhang D, Liang J (2009) Fabrication of protein nanotubes using template-assisted electrostatic layer-by-layer methods. Langmuir 25:13232–13237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubas ST, Schlenoff JB (2001) Swelling and smoothing of polyelectrolyte multilayers by salt. Langmuir 17(25):7725–7727

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elzbieciak M, Zapotoczny S, Nowak P, Krastev R, Nowakowska M, Warszynski P (2009) Influence of pH on the structure of multilayer films composed of strong and weak polyelectrolytes. Langmuir 25(5):3255–3259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fogh-Andersen N, Bjerrum PJ, Siggaard-Andersen O (1993) Ionic binding, net charge, and donnan effect of human serum albumin as a function of pH. Clin Chem 39(1):48–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He XM, Carter DC (1992) Atomic structure and chemistry of human serum albumin. Nature 358(6383):209–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hou S, Harrell CC, Trofin L, Kohli P, Martin CR (2004) Layer-by-layer nanotube template synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 126(18):5674–5675

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hou S, Wang J, Martin CR (2005) Template-synthesized DNA nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 127(24):8586–8587

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houska M, Brynda E, Bohata K (2004) The effect of polyelectrolyte chain length on layer-by-layer protein/polyelectrolyte assembly—an experimental study. J Colloid Interface Sci 273(1):140–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354(6348):56–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeyachandran YL, Mielczarski E, Rai B, Mielczarski JA (2009) Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of adsorption/desorption of bovine serum albumin on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Langmuir 25:111614–111620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasuga T, Hiramatsu M, Hoson A, Sekino T, Niihara K (1998) Formation of titanium oxide nanotube. Langmuir 14(12):3160–3163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kharlampieva E, Sukhishvili SA (2003) Ionization and pH stability of multilayers formed by self-assembly of weak polyelectrolytes. Langmuir 19(4):1235–1243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kragh-Hansen U (1990) Structure and ligand binding properties of human serum albumin. Dan Med Bull 37(1):57–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kratz F (2008) Albumin as a drug carrier: design of prodrugs, drug conjugates and nanoparticles. J Control Release 132(3):171–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumara MT, Srividya N, Muralidharan S, Tripp BC (2006) Bioengineered flagella protein nanotubes with cysteine loops: self-assembly and manipulation in an optical trap. Nano Lett 6(9):2121–2129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee D, Nolte AJ, Kunz AL, Rubner MF, Cohen RE (2006) pH-induced hysteretic gating of track-etched polycarbonate membranes: swelling/deswelling behavior of polyelectrolyte multilayers in confined geometry. J Am Chem Soc 128(26):8521–8529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang J, Chik H, Xu JM (2002) Non-lithographic fabrication of lateral superlattices for nanometric electro-magnetic-optic applications. J Sel Top Quantum Electron 8(5):998–1008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindquist GM, Stratton RA (1976) The role of polyelectrolyte charge density and molecular weight on the adsorption and flocculation of colloidal silica with polyethylenimine. In: Papers Presented at the 49th National Colloid Symposium, vol 55, issue 1. Clarkson, pp 45–59

  • Lu G, An Z, Tao C, Li J (2004) Microcapsule assembly of human serum albumin at the liquid/liquid interface by the pendent drop. Langmuir 20:8401–8403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu G, Ai S, Li J (2005) Layer-bylayer assembly of human serum albumin and phospholipid nanotubes based on a template. Langmuir 21:1679–1682

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu G, Tsuchida E, Komatsu T (2008) Human serum albumin nanotubes comprising layer-by-layer assembly with polycation. Chem Lett 37:972–973

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lvov Y, Mohwald H (1999) Protein architecture: interfacing molecular assemblies and immobilization biotechnology, vol Book, Whole. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendelsohn JD, Barrett CJ, Chan VV, Pal AJ, Mayes AM, Rubner MF (2000) Fabrication of microporous thin films from polyelectrolyte multilayers. Langmuir 16(11):5017–5023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Pfeifer CM, Johnson JM, Liu J, Zlotnick A (2006) Redirecting the coat protein of a spherical virus to assemble into tubular nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 128(8):2538–2539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ngweniform P, Li D, Mao C (2009) Self-assembly of drug-loaded liposomes on genetically engineered protein nanotubes: a potential anti-cancer drug delivery vector. Soft Matter 5:954–956

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olivieri JR, Crievich AF (1995) The subdomain structure of human serum albumin in solution under different pH conditions studied by small angle X-ray scattering. Eur Biophys J 24:77–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perkampus HH (1992) UV–Vis atlas of organic compounds, vol Book, Whole. Wiley VCH, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters T (1985) Serum albumin. Adv Protein Chem 37:161–245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters T (1995) All about albumin: Biochemistry, genetics, and medical applications. vol Book, Whole. Academic Press, Inc, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Picart C, Lavalle P, Hubert P, Cuisinier FJG, Decher G, Schaaf P, Voegel JC (2001) Buildup mechanism for poly(l-lysine)/hyaluronic acid films onto a solid surface. Langmuir 17(23):7414–7424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qu X, Lu G, Tsuchida E, Komatsu T (2008) Protein nanotubes comprised of an alternate layer-by-layer assembly using a polycation as an electrostatic glue. Chem Eur J 14(33):10303–10308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raviv U, Needleman DJ, Ewert KK, Safinya CR (2007) Hierarchical bionanotubes formed by the self assembly of microtubules with cationic membranes or polypeptides. J Appl Crystallogr 40(s1):s83–s87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadler PJ, Tucker A (1993) pH-induced structural transitions of bovine serum albumin. Eur J Biochem 212:811–817

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlenoff JB, Dubas ST (2001) Mechanism of polyelectrolyte multilayer growth: charge overcompensation and distribution. Macromolecules 34(3):592–598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlenoff JB, Ly H, Li M (1998) Charge and mass balance in polyelectrolyte multilayers. J Am Chem Soc 120(30):7626–7634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shang L, Wang Y, Jiang J, Dong S (2007) pH-dependent protein conformational changes in albumin:gold nanoparticle bioconjugates: a spectroscopic study. Langmuir 23(5):2714–2721

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiratori SS, Rubner MF (2000) pH-dependent thickness behavior of sequentially adsorbed layers of weak polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 33(11):4213–4219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinhart M, Wendorff JH, Greiner A, Wehrspohn RB, Nielsch K, Schilling J, Choi J, Gosele U (2002) Polymer nanotubes by wetting of ordered porous templates. Science 296(5575):1997

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Su TJ, Lu JR, Thomas RK, Cui ZF, Penfold J (1998) The conformational of bovine serum albumin layers adsorbed at the silica–water interface. J Phys Chem B 102:8100–8108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sui Z, Salloum D, Schlenoff JB (2003) Effect of molecular weight on the construction of polyelectrolyte multilayers: stripping versus sticking. Langmuir 19(6):2491–2495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sukhorukov GB (1998) Layer-by-layer self assembly of polyelectrolytes on colloidal particles. Colloid Surf A 137(1):253–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tian Y, He Q, Cui Y, Li J (2006) Fabrication of protein nanotubes based on layer-by-layer assembly. Biomacromolecules 7(9):2539–2542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valéry C, Paternostre M, Robert B, Gulik-Krzywicki T, Narayanan T, Dedieu J-C, Keller G, Torres M-L, Cherif-Cheikh R, Calvo P, Artzner F (2003) Biomimetic organization: octapeptide self-assembly into nanotubes of viral capsid-like dimension. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 100(18):10258–10262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Tang Z, Podsiadlo P, Elkasabi Y, Lahann J, Kotov N (2006a) Mirror-like photoconductive layer-by-layer thin films of Te nanowires: the fusion of semiconductor, metal, and insulator properties. Adv Mater 18(4):518–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YD, Zang KY, Chua SJ (2006b) Nonlithographic nanopatterning through anodic aluminum oxide template and selective growth of highly ordered gan. J Appl Phys 100(5): 054306/054301–054306/054304

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoo D, Shiratori SS, Rubner MF (1998) Controlling bilayer composition and surface wettability of sequentially adsorbed multilayers of weak polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 31(13):4309–4318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Ruehe J (2003) Polyelectrolyte multilayers on weak polyelectrolyte brushes. Macromol Rapid Commun 24(9):576–579

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao X, Meng G, Xu Q, Han F, Huang Q (2010) Color fine-tuning of CNTS@AAO composite thin films via isotropically etching porous AAO before CNT growth and color modification by water infusion. Adv Mater 22(24):2637–2641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jianyu Liang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, D., Dougherty, S.A. & Liang, J. Fabrication of bovine serum albumin nanotubes through template-assisted layer by layer assembly. J Nanopart Res 13, 1563–1571 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0254-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0254-x

Keywords

Navigation