Abstract
Pure CdSe nanocrystals have been successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying Cd and Se elemental powders. XRD results show that pure CdSe compound in wurtzite structure has been fabricated after mechanical alloying the elemental powders for 130 min. All the diffraction peaks from elemental Cd and Se disappeared completely in those XRD patterns of as-milled CdSe nanocrystals for more than 3 h. When the mechanical alloying process was carried out for 40 h, typical zinc blende structure diffraction mode was exhibited in the XRD pattern. Structural evolution of CdSe nanocrystal with ball milling time has been discussed in detail. A phase transformation from wurtzite to zinc blende structure took place when the mechanical alloying process prolonged to 40 h. HRTEM images of the individual as-milled CdSe nanocrystals confirmed such phase transformation. The grain size of the as-milled CdSe nanocrystals ranges from 2 to 30 nm, with majority being distributed within the range from 2 to 8 nm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balaz P, Takacs L, Ohtani T, Mack DE, Boldizarova E, Soika V, Achimovicova M (2002) Preparation of nanosized antimony by mechanochemical reduction of antimony sulphide Sb2S3. J Alloy Comp 434–435:773–775. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.169
Bouad N, Marin-Ayral RM, Nabias G, Tedenac JC (2003) Phase transformation study of Pb–Te powders during mechanical alloying. J Alloy Comp 353:184–188. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(02)01179-9
Campos CEM, Lima JC, Grandi TA, Schmitt M, Pizani PS (2006) Mechanical alloying: a pressure induced reaction for obtaining zinc blende GaSb and multiphase states. J Phys Condens Matter 18:8613–8622. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/18/37/019
Carbone L et al (2007) Synthesis and micrometer-scale assembly of colloidal CdSe/CdS nanorods prepared by a seeded growth approach. Nano Lett 7:2942–2950. doi:10.1021/nl0717661
Colvin VL, Alivisatos AP (1991) Valence-band photoemission from a quantum-dot system. Phys Rev Lett 66:2786–2789. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.2786
Colvin VL, Cunningham KL, Alivisatos AP (1994a) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of CdSe nanocrystals with applications to studies of the nanocrystal surface. J Chem Phys 98:4109–4117. doi:10.1021/j100066a034
Colvin VL, Schlamp MC, Alivisatos AP, McEuen PL (1994b) The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials. Nature 370:354–357. doi:10.1038/370354a0
Costa SC, Pizani PS, Rino JP (2002) Structural phase transformation in InSb: a molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Rev B 66:214111–214114. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.66.214111
Dubiel M, Hofmeister H, Tan GL, Schicke KD, Wendler E (2003) Silver diffusion and precipitation of nanoparticles in glass by ion implantation. Eur Phys J D 24:361–364. doi:10.1140/epjd/e2003-00178-5
Guimaraes JL, Abbate M, Betim SB, Alves MCM (2003) Preparation and characterization of TiO2 and V2O5 nanoparticles produced by ball-milling. J Alloy Comp 352:16–20. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(02)01112-X
Guinicr A (1963) X-ray diffraction. Freeman WH, San Francisco, pp 122–149
Hofmeister H, Tan GL, Dubiel M (2005) Shape and internal structure of silver nanoparticles embedded in glass. J Mater Res 20:1551. doi:10.1557/JMR.2005.0197
Jun YM, Lee SM, Kang NJ, Cheon J (2001) Controlled synthesis of multi-armed CdS nanorod architectures using monosurfactant system. J Am Chem Soc 123:5150–5151. doi:10.1021/ja0157595
Lippens PE, Lannoo M (1989) Calculation of the bandgap for small CdS and ZnS crystallines. Phys Rev B 39:10935–10942. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.39.10935
Manna L, Milliron DJ, Meisel A, Scher EC, Alivisatos AP (2003) Controlled growth of tetrapod-branched inorganic nanocrystals. Nat Mater 2:382–385. doi:10.1038/nmat902
Peng XG, Mannam L, Yang WD, Wickham J, Scher E, Kadacanich A, Alisvisatos AP (2000) Preparation of CdSe/ZnSe core-shell nanocrystals in one step reaction. Nature 404:59–61. doi:10.1038/35003535
Piskach LV, Parasyuk OV, Olekseyuk ID, Romanyuk YE, Volkov SV, Pekhnyo VI (2006) Interaction of argyrodite family compounds with the chalcogenides of II-b elements. J Alloy Comp 421:98–104. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.11.056
Pukowska B, Jaglarz J, Such B, Wagner T, Kisiel A, Mycielski A (2002) Optical investigations of the CdTeSe and CdMeTeSe (Me=Mn, Fe) semiconductors. J Alloy Comp 335:35–42. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01850-3
Resch U, Weller H, Henglei H (1989) Photochemistry and radiation chemistry of colloidal semiconductors. 33. Chemical changes and fluorescence in CdTe and ZnTe. Langmuir 5:1015–1020. doi:10.1021/la00088a023
Rogach A, Kornowski A, Gao M, Eychmueller A, Weller H (1999) Synthesis and characterization of a size series of extremely small thiol-stabilized CdSe nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B 103:3065–3069. doi:10.1021/jp984833b
Shiang JJ, Kadavanich AV, Grubbs RK, Alivisatos AP (1995) Symmetry of annealed wurtzite CdSe nanocrystals: assignment to the C3v point group. J Phys Chem 99:17417–17422. doi:10.1021/j100048a017
Tan GL, Wu XJ, Zhao MH, Zhang HF (2000) Synthesis of nanocrystalline cubic substoichiometric WC1–z powders by mechanochemical technology. J Mater Sci 35:3151–3154. doi:10.1023/A:1004880221909
Tan GL, Hommerich U, Temple D, Wu NQ, Zheng JG, Louts G (2003) Synthesis and optical characterization of CdTe nanocrystals prepared by ball milling process. Scr Mater 48:1469–1474. doi:10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00079-4
Tan GL, Yang Q, Seo JT, Hommerich U, Temple D (2004) Linear and non-linear optical properties of capped CdTe nanocrystals prepared by mechanical alloying. Opt Mater 27:579–584. doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2004.06.005
Tan GL, Wu N, Zheng JG, Hommerich U, Temple D (2006) Optical absorption and valence band photoemission from uncapped CdTe nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B 110:2125–2130. doi:10.1021/jp056289u
Tan GL, Du JH, Zhang QJ (2009) Structural evolution and optical properties of CdSe nanocrystals prepared by mechanical alloying. J Alloy Comp 468:421–431. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.01.051
Tinjod F, Robin I-C, André R, Kheng K, Mariette H (2004) Key parameters for the formation of II–VI self-assembled quantum dots. J Alloy Comp 371:63–66. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.05.006
Tolbert SH, Alivisatos AP (1995) The wurtzite to rock salt structural transformation in CdSe nanocrystals under high pressure. J Chem Phys 102:4642–4656. doi:10.1063/1.469512
Tolbert SH, Herhold AB, Johnson CS, Alivisatos AP (1994) Comparison of quantum confinement effects on the electronic absorption spectra of direct and indirect gap semiconductor nanocrystals. Phys Rev Lett 73:3266–3269. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.3266
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tan, G.L., Liu, R.H. Preparation of pure CdSe nanocrystals through mechanical alloying. J Nanopart Res 12, 605–614 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9629-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9629-7