Abstract
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on a polyol process and variable frequency microwave (VFM) was investigated. Comparing to a thermal method, the reaction by VFM radiation was much faster. The effects of silver nitrate concentration, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature were studied. It was found that the higher concentration of silver nitrate, longer reaction time and higher temperature increased the particle size while the higher concentration of PVP decreased the particle size.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrews M.P. and Ozin G.A. (1986). Liquid-phase agglomeration of silver atoms in olefinic and ether media: electrocatalytic application 2. J. Phys. Chem. 90(13): 2929–2938
Carotenuto G., Pepe G.P. and Nicolais L. (2000). Preparation and characterization of nano-sized Ag/PVP composites for optical applications. Eur. Phys. J. B 16: 11–17
Caseri W. (2000). Nanocomposites of polymers and metals or semiconductors: historical background and optical properties. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 21(11): 705–722
Chen Y.H. and Yeh C.S. (2001). A new approach for the formation of alloy nanoparticles: laser synthesis of gold–silver alloy from gold–silver colloidal mixtures. Chem. Commun. 4: 371–372
Collier C.P., Saykally R.J., Shiang J.J., Henrichs S.E. and Heath J.R. (1997). Reversible tuning of silver quantum dot monolayers through the metal–insulator transition. Science 277(5334): 1978–1981
Fang X.M. and Scola D.A. (1999). Investigation of microwave energy to cure carbon fiber reinforced phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide composites, PETI-5/IM7. J. Polym. Part A: Polym. Chem. 37(24): 4616–4628
Fuelong D.N., Launikonis A. and Sasse W.H.F. (1984). Colloidal platinum sols. preparation, characterization and stability towards salt. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 80(3): 571–588
Galema S.A. (1997). Microwave chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 26(3): 233–238
Gedye R.N., Rank W. and Estaway K.C. (1991). The rapid synthesis of organic-compounds in microwave-oven. 2.. Can. J. Chem. 69(4): 706–711
He S.T., Yao J.N., Jiang P., Shi D.X., Zhang H.X., Xie S.S., Pang S.J. and Gao H.J. (2001). Formation of silver nanoparticles and self-assembled two-dimensional ordered superlattice. Langmuir 17(5): 1571–1575
Heard S.M., Grieser F., Barraclough C.G. and Sanders V.J. (1983). The characterization of Ag sols by electron microscopy, optical absorption, and electrophoresis. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 93(2): 545–555
Huang H.H., Ni X.P., Loy G.L., Chew C.H., Tan K.L., Loh F.C., Deng J.F. and Xu G.Q. (1996). Photochemical formation of silver nanoparticles in poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). Langmuir 12(4): 909–912
Itakura T., Torigoe K. and Esumi K. (1995). Preparation and characterization of ultrafine metal particles in ethanol by UV irradiation using a photoinitiator. Langmuir 11(10): 4129–4134
Jana N.R., Sau T.K. and Pal T. (1999). Growing small silver particle as redox catalyst. J. Phys. Chem. B 103(1): 115–121
Kim J.Y., Kim M., Kim H.M., Joo J. and Choi J.H. (2003). Electrical and optical studies of organic light emitting devices using SWCNTs-polymer nanocomposites. Opt. Mater. 21(1–3): 147–151
Komarneni S., Li D.S., Newalkar B., Katsuki H. and Bhalla A.S. (2002). Microwave-polyol process for Pt and Ag nanoparticles. Langmuir 18(15): 5959–5962
Link S., Wang Z.L. and El-Sayed M.A. (1999). Alloy formation of gold–silver nanoparticles and the dependence of the plasmon absorption on their composition. J. Phys. Chem. B 103(18): 3529–3533
Lisiecki I. and Pileni M.P. (1993). Synthesis of copper metallic clusters using reverse micelles as microreactors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115(10): 3887–3896
Mallin M.P. and Murphy C.J. (2002). Solution-phase synthesis of sub-10 nm Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2(11): 1235–1237
Mandal M., Ghosh S.K., Kundu S., Esumi K. and Pal T. (2002). UV photoactivation for size and shape controlled synthesis and coalescence of gold nanoparticles in micelles. Langmuir 18(21): 7792–7797
McConnell W.P., Novak J.P., Fuierer R.R., Tenent R.C. and Feldheim D.L. (2000). Electronic and optical properties of chemically modified metal nanoparticles and molecularly bridged nanoparticle arrays. J. Phys. Chem. B 104(38): 8925–8930
Moon K., Li Y., Xu J.W. and Wong C.P. (2004). Lead-free solder interconnect by variable frequency microwave (VFM). IEEE Proceeding of the 54th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference 54(2): 1989–1995
Pal T., Maity D.S. and Ganguly A. (1986). Use of a silver–gelatin complex for the determination of micro-amounts of hydrazine in water. Analyst 111(12): 1413–1415
Pastoriza-Santos I. and Liz-Marzan L.M. (2002). Formation of PVP-protected metal nanoparticles in DMF. Langmuir 18(7): 2888–2894
Petit C., Lixon P. and Pileni M.P. (1993). In situ synthesis of silver nanocluster in AOT reverse micelles. J. Phys. Chem. 97(49): 12974–12983
Pothukuchi S., Li Y. and Wong C.P. (2004). Development of a novel polymer-metal nanocomposite obtained through the route of in situ reduction for integral capacitor application. J. App. Polym. Sci. 93(4): 1531–1538
Sun Y.G., Mayers B., Herricks T. and Xia Y.N. (2003). Polyol synthesis of uniform silver nanowires: a plausible growth mechanism and the supporting evidence. Nano Lett. 3(7): 955–960
Sun Y.G. and Xia Y.N. (2002). Shape-controlled synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. Science 298(5601): 2176–2179
Taleb A., Silly F., Gusev A.O., Charra F. and Pileni M.P. (2000). Electron transport properties of nanocrystals: isolated, and “supra”-crystalline phases. Adv. Mater. 12(9): 633–637
Treguer M.C., de Cointet , Remita H., Khatouri J., Mostafavi M., Amblard J. and Belloni J. (1998). Dose rate effects on radiolytic synthesis of gold–silver bimetallic clusters in solution. J. Phys. Chem. B 102(22): 4310–4321
Yamamoto T., Wada Y., Sakata T., Mori H., Goto M., Hibino S. and Yanagida S. (2004). Microwave-assisted preparation of silver nanoparticles. Chem. Lett. 33(2): 158–159
Yu W.Y., Tu W.X. and Liu H.F. (1999). Synthesis of nanoscale platinum colloids by microwave dielectric heating. Langmuir 15(1): 6–9
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, H., Moon, Ks., Zhang, Z. et al. Variable Frequency Microwave Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 8, 117–124 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-005-7522-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-005-7522-6