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Unravelling Secretion in Cryptococcus neoformans: More than One Way to Skin a Cat

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Abstract

Secretion pathways in fungi are essential for the maintenance of cell wall architecture and for the export of a number of virulence factors. In the fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, much evidence supports the existence of more than one route taken by secreted molecules to reach the cell periphery and extracellular space, and a significant degree of crosstalk between conventional and non-conventional secretion routes. The need for such complexity may be due to differences in the nature of the exported cargo, the spatial and temporal requirements for constitutive and non-constitutive protein secretion, and/or as a means of compensating for the extra burden on the secretion machinery imposed by the elaboration of the polysaccharide capsule. This review focuses on the role of specific components of the C. neoformans secretion machinery in protein and/or polysaccharide export, including Sec4, Sec6, Sec14, Golgi reassembly and stacking protein and extracellular exosome-like vesicles. We also address what is known about traffic of the lipid, glucosylceramide, a target of therapeutic antibodies and an important regulator of C. neoformans pathogenicity, and the role of signalling pathways in the regulation of secretion.

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Acknowledgments

MLR is supported by grants from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil), Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Brazil) and Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, Brazil). We are thankful to Professors Arturo, Casadevall, Tania Sorrell, Josh Nosanchuk, Rosana Puccia and Leonardo Nimrichter for many discussions and suggestions within the secretion field and Stephen Schibeci (Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney) for proofreading this review. Work on secretion mechanisms performed in the laboratory of JTD is supported by a project grant (632634) from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC).

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  1. Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Bioquímica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil

    Marcio L. Rodrigues

  2. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia

    Julianne T. Djordjevic

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  1. Marcio L. Rodrigues
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  2. Julianne T. Djordjevic
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Correspondence to Marcio L. Rodrigues.

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Rodrigues, M.L., Djordjevic, J.T. Unravelling Secretion in Cryptococcus neoformans: More than One Way to Skin a Cat. Mycopathologia 173, 407–418 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-011-9468-9

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