Abstract
For model reduction, the approximation performance sometimes needs to be enhanced over a specific frequency range. Motivated by this fact, the paper investigates generalized \(H_{\infty }\) model reduction for stable two-dimensional (2-D) discrete systems represented by the Roesser model and the Fornasini–Machesini local state-space model, respectively. The generalized \(H_{\infty }\) norm of 2-D systems is introduced to evaluate the approximation error over a specific finite frequency (FF) domain. In light of the 2-D generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemmas, sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities are derived for the existence of a stable reduced-order model satisfying a specified generalized \(H_{\infty }\) level. Several examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method. Compared with most of the existing 2-D model reduction results, the proposed method has the following merits: (1) The generalized \(H_\infty \) model reduction problems are considered for both important types of 2-D models, and no structural assumption is made for the plant model, so that our method has a broader applicable scope. (2) The reduced-order model is guaranteed to be stable, and an upper bound on the generalized \(H_{\infty }\) error is provided. Moreover, no frequency weighting function is needed. (3) The proposed method is applicable for 2-D model reduction with multiple FF specifications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bachelier, O., Paszke, W., & Mehdi, D. (2008). On the Kalmam–Yakubovich–Popov lemma and the multidimensional models. Multidimensional Systesms and Signal Processing, 19, 425–447.
Chen, X., Lam, J., Gao, H., & Zhou, S. (2013). Stability analysis and control design for 2-D fuzzy systems via basis-dependent Lyapunov functions. Multidimensional Systesms and Signal Processing, 24(3), 395–415.
Ding, D. W., & Li, X. (2013). Model reduction of two-dimensional discrete-time systems based on finite-frequency approach. In Proceedings of the 32nd Chinese control conference, Xi’an, China, pp. 1957–1962.
Du, C., & Xie, L. (2002). \({H}_\infty \) control and filtering of two-dimensional systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Du, C., Xie, L., & Soh, Y. C. (2001). \({H}_\infty \) reduced-order approximation of 2-D digital filters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 48(6), 688–698.
Du, X., & Yang, G. H. (2010). \({H}_\infty \) model reduction of linear continuous-time systems over finite-frequency interval. IET Control Theory & Applications, 4(4), 499–508.
Fornasini, E., & Marchesini, G. (1978). Doubly indexed dynamical systems: State-space models and structual properties. Mathematical Systems Theory, 12, 59–72.
Gahinet, P., & Apkarian, P. (1994). A linear matrix inequality approach to \({H}_{\infty }\) control. International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 4(4), 421–448.
Gao, H., Lam, J., Wang, C., & Xu, S. (2005). \({H}_{\infty }\) model reduction for uncertain two-dimensional discrete systems. Optimal Control Applications and Methods, 26(4), 199–227.
Ghafoor, A., & Sreeram, V. (2008). Model reduction via limited frequency interval Gramians. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 55(9), 2806–2812.
Ghafoor, A., Wang, J., & Sreeram, V. (2005). Frequency-weighted model reduction method with error bounds for 2-D separable denominator discrete systems. International Journal of Information and Systems Sciences, 1(2), 105–119.
Glover, K. (1984). All optimal Hankel-norm approximations of linear multivariable systems and their \({L}_{\infty }\)-error bounds. International Journal of Control, 39(6), 1115–1193.
Grigoriadis, K. M. (1995). Optimal \({H}_\infty \) model reduction via linear matrix inequalities: Continuous and discrete-time cases. Systems & Control Letters, 26, 321–333.
Hinamoto, T. (1997). Stability of 2-D discrete systems described by the Fornasini–Marchesini second model. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 44(3), 254–257.
Iwasaki, T., & Hara, S. (2005). Generalized KYP lemma: Unified frequency domain inequalities with design applications. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 50(1), 41–59.
Iwasaki, T., Meinsma, G., & Fu, M. (2000). Generalized \({S}\)-procedure and finite frequency KYP lemma. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 6, 305–320.
Kaczorek, T. (1985). Two-dimensional linear systems. Berlin: Springer.
Lashgari, B., Silverman, L. M., & Abramatic, J. F. (1983). Approximation of 2-D separable in denominator filters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems CAS, 30(2), 107–121.
Li, P., Lam, J., Wang, Z., & Date, P. (2011). Positivity-preserving \({H}_\infty \) model reduction for positive systems. Automatica, 47, 1504–1511.
Li, X., Gao, H., & Wang, C. (2012). Generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov Lemma for 2-D FM LSS model. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 57(12), 3090–3103.
Löfberg, J. (2004). YALMIP: A toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB. In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE ISCACSD, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 284–289, http://users.isy.liu.se/johanl/yalmip.
Lu, W. S., Lee, E. B., & Zhang, Q. T. (1987). Balanced approximation of two-dimensional and delay-differential systems. International Journal of Control, 46, 2199–2218.
Luo, H., Lu, W. S., & Antoniou, A. (1995a). A weighted balanced approximation for 2-D discrete systems and its application to model reduction. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 42(8), 419–429.
Luo, H., Lu, W. S., Antoniou, A. (1995b). A weighted quasi-balanced model reduction method for 2-D discrete systems. In Proceedings of the 29th Asilomar conference on signal systems computers, Vol. 2, pp. 996–1000.
Moore, B. C. (1981). Principal component analysis in linear systems: Controllablity, observerbility, and model reduction. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 26(1), 17–32.
de Oliveira, M. C., Bernussou, J., & Geromel, J. C. (1999). A new discrete-time robust stability condition. Systems & Control Letters, 37, 261–265.
Paszke, W., Lam, J., Galkowski, K., Xu, S., & Lin, Z. (2004). Robust stability and stabilization of 2D time-delay systems. Systems & Control Letters, 51(3–4), 277–291.
Pipeleer, G., Demeulenaere, B., Swevers, J., & Vandenberghe, L. (2009). Extended LMI characterizations for stability and performance of linear systems. Systems & Control Letters, 58(7), 510–518.
Premaratne, K., Jury, E. I., & Mansour, M. (1990). An algorithm for model reduction of 2-D discrete time systems. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 37(9), 1116–1132.
Roesser, R. P. (1975). A discrete state-space model for linear image processing. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 20(1), 1–10.
Sturm, J. F. (1999). Using SeDuMi 1.02, a Matlab toolbox for optimization over symmetric cones. Optimization Methods and Softwares, 11(1—-4), 625–653.
Wang, D., Zilouchian, A., & Bai, Y. (2005). An algorithm for balanced approximation and model reduction of 2-D separable-in-denominator filters. Multidimensional Systesms and Signal Processing, 16, 439–461.
Wang, Q., Lam, J., Gao, H., & Wang, Q. (2006). Energy-to-peak model reduction for 2-D discrete systems described by Fornasini–Marchesini models. European Journal of Control, 12(4), 420–430.
Wang, W., Doyle, J., Beck, C., & Glover, K. (1991). Model reduction of LFT systems. In Proceedings of the 30th conference on decision control, Brighton, England, pp. 1233–1238.
Wu, F. (1996). Induced \({L}_2\) norm model reduction of polytopic uncertain linear systems. Automatica, 32(10), 1417–1426.
Wu, L., & Lam, J. (2008). Hankel-type model reduction for linear repetitive process: Differential and discrete cases. Multidimensional Systesms and Signal Processing, 19, 41–78.
Wu, L., Shi, P., Gao, H., & Wang, C. (2006). \({H}_{\infty }\) mode reduction for two-dimensional discrete state-delayed systems. IEE Proceedings Vision, Image and Signal Processing, 153(6), 769–784.
Xu, H., Zou, Y., Xu, S., Lam, J., & Wang, Q. (2005). \({H}_{\infty }\) model reduction of 2-D singular Roesser models. Multidimensional Systesms and Signal Processing, 16, 285–304.
Xu, H., Lin, Z., & Makur, A. (2010). Non-fragile \({H}_2\) and \({H}_{\infty }\) filter designs for polytopic two-dimensional systems in roesser model. Multidimensional Systesms and Signal Processing, 21(3), 255–275.
Xu, S., & Chen, T. (2003). \({H}_\infty \) model reduction in the stochastic framework. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, 42(4), 1293–1309.
Xu, S., Lam, J., Lin, Z., & Galkowski, K. (2002). Positive real control for uncertain two-dimensional systems. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 49(11), 1659–1666.
Yan, W. Y., & Lam, J. (1999). An approximation approach to \({H}_2\) optimal model reduction. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 44(7), 1341–1358.
Yang, R., Xie, L., & Zhang, C. (2006). \({H}_2\) and mixed \({H}_2/{H}_{\infty }\) control of two-dimensional systems in Roesser model. Automatica, 42(42), 9.
Yang, R., Xie, L., & Zhang, C. (2008). Generalized two-dimensional Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma for discrete Roesser model. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 55(10), 3223–3233.
Zhang, L., & Lam, J. (2002). On \({H}_2\) model reduction of bilinear systems. Automatica, 38, 205–216.
Zhang, L., Lam, J., Huang, B., & Yang, G. H. (2003). On gramians and balanced trunction of discrete-time bilinear systems. International Journal of Control, 4(4), 414–427.
Zhang, L., Shi, P., Boukas, E. K., & Wang, C. (2008). \({H}_\infty \) model reduction for uncertain switched linear discrete-time systems. Automatica, 44, 2944–2929.
Zhou, K., Li, Y., & Lee, E. B. (1993). Model reduction of 2-D systems with frequency error bounds. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog Digit Signal Process, 40(2), 107–110.
Zhou, K., Aravena, J. L., Gu, G., & Xiong, D. (1994). 2-D model reduction by quasi-balanced trunction and singular perturbation. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog Digit Signal Process, 41(9), 593–602.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61273201, in part by GRF HKU 7140/11E and in part by HKU CRCG 201309176107.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, X., Lam, J. & Cheung, K.C. Generalized \({\varvec{H}_{\infty }}\) model reduction for stable two-dimensional discrete systems. Multidim Syst Sign Process 27, 359–382 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-014-0306-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-014-0306-3