Abstract
Dual number algebra is a powerful mathematical tool for the kinematic and dynamic analysis of spatial mechanisms. With the purpose of exploiting new applications, in this paper are presented the dual version of some classical linear algebra algorithms. These algorithms have been tested for the position analysis of the RCCC mechanism and computational improvements over existing methods obtained.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Clifford, W.K.: Preliminary sketch of biquaternions. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 4(64), 381–395 (1873)
Dimentberg, F.M.: The screw calculus and its applications. Tech. Rep. AD 680993, Clearinghouse for Federal and Scientific Technical Information, VA, USA (1968)
Yang, A.T.: Displacement analysis of spatial five-link mechanisms using 3×3 matrices with dual elements. ASME J. Eng. Ind. 91(1), 152–157 (1969)
Yang, A.T.: Analysis of an offset unsymmetric gyroscope with oblique rotor using (3×3) matrices with dual-number elements. ASME J. Eng. Ind. 91(3), 535–542 (1969)
Keler, M.L.: Kinematics and statics including friction in single-loop mechanisms by screw calculus and dual vectors. ASME J. Eng. Ind. 95(2), 471–480 (1973)
Veldkamp, G.R.: On the use of dual numbers, vectors and matrices in instantaneous, spatial kinematics. Mech. Mach. Theory 11(2), 141–156 (1976)
Study, E.: Geometrie der Dynamen. Teubner, Leipzig (1903)
Yang, A.T.: Calculus of screws. In: Basic Questions of Design Theory. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1974)
Cheng, H.H.: Computation of dual numbers in the extended finite dual plane. In: Proc. of the 1993 ASME Design Automation Conference, 19–22 September 1993, pp. 73–80 (1993)
Cheng, H.H.: Numerical computations in the Ch programming language with applications in mechanisms and robotics. Parts I, II, III. In: Proc. of the Third National Conference on Mechanisms and Robotics, Cincinnati, OH, 8–10 November 1993
Beyer, R.: Technische Raumkinematik. Springer, Berlin (1963)
Fischer, I.S.: Dual-Number Methods in Kinematics, Statics and Dynamics. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1999)
Denavit, J.: Displacement analysis of mechanisms on 2×2 matrices of dual numbers. VDI Ber. 29, 81–88 (1958)
Yang, A.T.: Application of quaternion algebra and dual numbers to the analysis of spatial mechanisms. PhD thesis, Columbia University (1963)
Fischer, I.S.: Modeling of plane joint. ASME J. Mech. Des. 121, 383–386 (1999)
Fischer, I.S., Paul, R.N.: Kinematic displacement analysis of a double-cardan-joint driveline. ASME J. Mech. Des. 113, 263–271 (1991)
Hall, A.S., Root, R.S., Sandgren, E.: A dependable method for solving matrix loop equations for the general three-dimensional mechanism. ASME J. Eng. Ind. 99, 547–550 (1977)
Fischer, I.: Numerical analysis of displacements in a tracta coupling. Eng. Comput. 15, 334–344 (1999)
Uicker, J.J., Denavit, J., Hartenberg, R.S.: An iterative method for the displacement analysis of spatial mechanisms. ASME J. Appl. Mech., 309–314 (1964)
Yang, A.T.: Inertial force analysis of spatial mechanisms. ASME J. Eng. Ind. 93(1), 27–32 (1971)
Sugimoto, K., Duffy, J.: Application of linear algebra to screw systems. Mech. Mach. Theory 17(1), 73–83 (1982)
Shoham, M., Brodsky, V.: Analysis of mechanisms by dual inertia operator. In: Computational Kinematics. Kluwer Academic, Netherlands (1993)
Yang, A.T., Freudenstein, F.: Application of dual number quaternions algebra to the analysis of spatial mechanisms. ASME J. Eng. Ind. 86, 300–308 (1964)
Wohlhart, K.: Motor tensor calculus. In: Merlet, J.P., Ravani, B. (eds.) Computational Kinematics, pp. 93–102. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1995)
Brand, L.: Vector and Tensor Analysis. Wiley, New York (1947)
Gonzáles-Palacios, M.A., Angeles, J.: Cam Synthesis. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1993)
Gu, Y.-L., Luh, J.Y.S.: Dual-number transformations and its applications to robotics. IEEE J. Robot. Autom. RA-3, 615–623 (1987)
McCarthy, J.M.: Dual orthogonal matrices in manipulator kinematics. Int. J. Robot. Res. 5, 45–51 (1986)
Duffy, J.: Analysis of Mechanisms and Robot Manipulators. Halstead, New York (1980)
Yaglom, I.M.: Complex Numbers in Geometry. Academic Press, New York (1968)
Pennock, G.R., Yang, A.T.: Application of dual-number matrices to the inverse kinematics problem of robot manipulators. ASME J. Mech. Transm. Autom. Des. 107, 201–208 (1985)
Pennock, G.R., Mattson, K.G.: Forward position problem of two puma-type robots manipulating a planar four-bar linkage payload. In: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Minneapolis, MN, April 1996
Cheng, H.H.: Programming with dual numbers and its applications in mechanisms design. Eng. Comput. 10(4), 212–229 (1994)
Pennock, G.R., Yang, A.T.: Dynamic analysis of multi-rigid-body open-chain system. ASME J. Mech. Transm. Autom. Des. 105, 28–33 (1983)
Bagci, C.: Static force and torque analysis using 3×3 screw matrix, and transmission criteria for space mechanisms. ASME J. Eng. Ind. 93, 90–101 (1971)
Bagci, C.: Dynamic force and torque analysis for mechanisms using dual vectors and 3×3 screw matrix. ASME J. Eng. Ind. 94, 738–745 (1972)
Cheng, H.H., Thompson, S.: Dual iterative displacement analysis of spatial mechanisms using the Ch programming language. Mech. Mach. Theory 32(2), 193–207 (1997)
Fischer, I.S., Chu, T.: Numerical analysis of displacements in multiloop mechanisms. Mech. Res. Commun. 28(2), 127–137 (2001)
Fischer, I.S.: Velocity analysis of mechanisms with ball joints. Mech. Res. Commun. 30, 69–78 (2003)
Fischer, I.S.: Numerical analysis of displacements in spatial mechanisms with ball joints. Mech. Mach. Theory 35, 1623–1640 (2000)
Gonzáles-Palacios, M.A., Angeles, J., Ranjbaran, F.: The kinematic synthesis of serial manipulators with prescribed Jacobian. In: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol. I, pp. 450–455 (1993)
Cheng, H.H., Thompson, S.: Dual polynomials and complex dual numbers for analysis of spatial mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the 1996 ASME 24th Mechanisms Conference, paper 96DETC-MECH-1221, ASME (1996)
Fischer, I.S., Freudensetin, F.: Internal force and moment transmission in a cardan joint with manufacturing tolerances. ASME J. Mech. Transm. Autom. Des. 106, 301–311 (1984)
Chen, C.K., Freudenstein, F.: Dynamic analysis of a universal joint with manufacturing tolerances. ASME J. Mech. Transm. Autom. Des. 108, 524–532 (1985)
Pennestrì, E., Vita, L.: Mechanical efficiency analysis of a cardan joint with manufacturing tolerances. In: Proc. of the RAAD03 12th International Workshop on Robotics in Alpe-Adria-Danube Region, Cassino, Italy, paper 053 (2003)
Pennestrì, E., Cavacece, M., Valentini, P.P., Vita, L.: Mechanical efficiency analysis of a cardan joint. In: Proc. of 2004 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Salt Lake City, Utah, paper DETC04/MECH-57317, ASME (2004)
Cavacece, M., Stefanelli, R., Valentini, P.P., Vita, L.: A multibody dynamic model of a Cardan joint with experimental validation. In: Goicolea J.M., Cuadrado J.C., Garcia Orden J. (eds.), Proc. of Multibody Dynamics 2005, ECCOMAS Thematic Conference, Madrid, Spain (2005)
McCarthy, J.M.: Geometric Design of Linkages. Springer, Berlin (2000)
Angeles, J.: The application of dual algebra to kinematic analysis. In: Angeles, J., Zakhariev, E. (eds.) Computational Methods in Mechanical Systems, pp. 3–32. Springer, Berlin (1991)
Wittenburg, J.: Dual quaternions in kinematics of spatial mechanisms. In: Haug, E.J. (ed.) Computer Aided Analysis and Optimization of Mechanical System Dynamics, pp. 129–145. Springer, Berlin (1984)
De Falco, D., Pennestrì, E.: The Udwadia–Kalaba formulation: a report on its numerical efficiency and on its teaching effectiveness. In: Proc. of the Multibody Dynamics 2005, ECCOMAS Thematic Conference (2005)
De Falco, D., Pennestrì, E., Vita, L.: Esperienze numeriche sulla formulazione di Udwadia–Kalaba. In: Atti Congresso AIMETA (2005)
Soni, A.H., Harrisberger, L.: Die Anwendung der 3×3 Schraubungs Matrix auf die kinematische und dynamische Analyze der raumlichen Getrieben. VDI Berichte, No. 127 (1968)
Hsia, L.M., Yang, A.T.: On the principle of transference in three dimensional kinematics. ASME J. Mech. Des. 103, 652–656 (1981)
Agrawal, S.K.: Multibody dynamics: A formulation using Kane’s method and dual vectors. ASME J. Mech. Des. 115, 833–838 (1993)
Moon, Y.-M., Kota, S.: Automated synthesis of mechanisms using dual-vector algebra. Mech. Mach. Theory 37, 143–166 (2002)
Azariadis, P., Aspragathos, N.: Computer graphics representation and transformation of geometric entities using dual unit vectors and line transformations. Comput. Graph. 25, 195–209 (2001)
Teu, K., Kim, W.: Estimation of the axis of a screw motion from noisy data new method based on Plücker lines. J. Biomech. 39, 2857–2862 (2006)
Potts, P.: A derivation of a minimal set of multilinear loop equations for spatial mechanisms. ASME J. Eng. Ind. 98, 1301–1305 (1976)
Ball, R.S.: Theory of Screws. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1900)
Rooney, J.: On the principle of transference. In: Proc. of the IV IFToMM Congress, New Castle Upon Tyne, UK, pp. 1089–1094 (1975)
Beggs, J.S.: Advanced Mechanisms. Macmillan, New York (1966)
Uicker, J.J., Denavit, J., Hartenberg, R.S.: An iterative method for the displacement analysis of spatial mechanisms. ASME J. Appl. Mech. 34, 309–314 (1964)
Schaaf, J.A., Ravani, B.: Geometry continuity of ruled surfaces. Comput. Aided Geom. Des. 15, 289–310 (1998)
Merlini, M., Morandini, M.: The helicoidal modeling in computational finite elasticity. Part I: Variational formulation. Int. J. Solids Struct. 41, 5351–5381 (2004)
Golub, G.H., Van Loan, C.F.: Matrix Computations, 3rd edn. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1996)
Fasse, E.: Some applications of screw theory to lumped parameter modeling of visco-elastically coupled rigid bodies. In: Proc. of a Symposium Commemorating the Legacy, Works, and Life of Sir Robert Stawell Ball (Ball 2000), University of Cambridge, Trinity College (2000). citeseer.ist.psu.edu/fasse00some.html
Daniilidis, K.: Hand-eye calibration using dual quaternions. Int. J. Robot. Res. 18, 286–298 (1999)
Pennestrì, E.: Cinematica teorica. In: Cheli, F., Pennestrì, E. (eds.) Cinematica e Dinamica dei Sistemi Multibody, pp. 21–24. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano (2006)
Perez, A., McCarthy, J.M.: Bennet’s linkage and the cylindroid. Mech. Mach. Theory 37, 1245–1260 (2002)
Perez, A.: Analysis and design of Bennett linkages. Master thesis, University of California (1999)
Marcolongo, R.: Meccanica Razionale. Hoepli, Milano (1953)
Liu, T., Lee, T.W.: Dynamics of an overconstrained shaft coupling. ASME J. Mech. Transm. Autom. Des. 108, 497–502 (1986)
Perez, A., McCarthy, J.M.: Dimensional synthesis of Bennet linkage. In: Proceedings of 2000 ASME Design Technical Engineering Conferences, paper DETC2000/Mech-14069, ASME (2000)
Haug, E.J.: Computer-Aided Kinematics and Dynamics of Mechanical Systems. Allyn and Bacon, Needham Hights (1989)
Trainelli, L., Croce, A.: A comprehensive view of rotation parametrization. 4th European Congress ECCOMAS 2004, Jyväskylä, Finland, 24–28 July 2004
Wittenburg, J.: Duale quaternionen in der kinematik räumlicher getriebe. Eine anschauliche Darstellung, Archive of Appl. Mech. (Ingenieur Archiv) 51(1–2), 17–29 (1981)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pennestrì, E., Stefanelli, R. Linear algebra and numerical algorithms using dual numbers. Multibody Syst Dyn 18, 323–344 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-007-9088-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-007-9088-9