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Multi-bit robust image steganography based on modular arithmetic

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Abstract

The main objective is to design a robust algorithm which can hide multiple target bits without direct replacement of the bits of cover image and at the same time maintain perceptibility of carrier medium by reducing the distortion rate by intensity adjustment. The method uses the strength of modular arithmetic for embedding target data and at the same time able to solve the overlapping problem. In this double layer security technique first the target bits are converted into another number system and then these converted digits are embedded by adjusting the pixel intensities in such a way so that modulo operation retrieve data correctly at the receiver side. The proposed technique is tested on different class of images and analyzed based on different parameters. The histograms are distorted significantly for more than four bit insertion and the average PSNR is 34.7 for four multi-bit insertion with 100% payload. Different standard LSB detectors like SP, WS etc. are fail to detect hidden bits and at the same time the statistical attack on stego media unable to get success on stego images. The performance of the proposed technique is measured by Stirmark Benchmark 4.0 whereas the security strength is calculated through KL divergence which establishes it as a more secure algorithm. The Average Embedding Capacity of this technique is four. The work shows better performances than many state-of-the-art-works. The method reduces the distortion rate to half of the standard multi-bit LSB technique. This helps to retain imperceptibility with the increase of capacity through multi-bit insertion. The robustness is introduced in this spatial domain technique by embedding target data without direct replacement of cover bits. This algorithm uses the NP-complete nature of modulo operation to increase security and at the same time introduces parallelism to reduce time complexity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, St. Thomas’ College of Engineering and Technology, Kolkata, 700023, India

    Biswajita Datta & Subhranil Roy

  2. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Sudipta Roy

  3. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Calcutta University Technology Campus, Calcutta University, JD-2, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700098, India

    Sudipta Roy & Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay

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  1. Biswajita Datta
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  2. Sudipta Roy
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Correspondence to Biswajita Datta.

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Datta, B., Roy, S., Roy, S. et al. Multi-bit robust image steganography based on modular arithmetic. Multimed Tools Appl 78, 1511–1546 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6195-y

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