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Fragile image watermarking scheme based on VQ index sharing and self-embedding

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose a self-embedding fragile watermarking scheme using vector quantization (VQ) and index sharing. First, the principle contents of original image are compactly represented by a series of VQ indices. Then, after permutation, the binary bits of VQ indices are extended to generate reference-bits by a random binary matrix, which can make all reference-bits share the information of VQ index bits from different regions of the whole image. The image is embedded with watermark-bits including hash-bits for tampering localization and reference-bits for content recovery, and is transmitted to receiver side. Tampered regions in the received, suspicious image can be accurately located and then be recovered by VQ index reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve successful content recovery for larger tampering rate and obtain better visual quality of recovered results than the reported schemes.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61303203, 61232016, U1405254), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (13ZR1428400), the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (14YZ087), Shanghai Engineering Center Project of Massive Internet of Things Technology for Smart Home (GCZX14014), Research Base Special Project of Hujiang Foundation (C14001), Hujiang Foundation of China (C14002), the PAPD Fund, and the Open Project Program of Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, and Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Chuan Qin & Ping Ji

  2. School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China

    Jinwei Wang

  3. Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Road, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan

    Chin-Chen Chang

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  1. Chuan Qin
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  2. Ping Ji
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  3. Jinwei Wang
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  4. Chin-Chen Chang
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Correspondence to Chin-Chen Chang.

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Qin, C., Ji, P., Wang, J. et al. Fragile image watermarking scheme based on VQ index sharing and self-embedding. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 2267–2287 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3218-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3218-9

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