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Exploring clinical implications and role of non-coding RNAs in lung carcinogenesis

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Abstract

Lung cancer is the utmost familiar category of cancer with greatest fatality rate worldwide and several regulatory mechanisms exercise cellular control on critical oncogenic trails implicated in lung associated carcinogenesis. The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are shown to play a variety of regulatory roles, including stimulating cell proliferation, inhibiting programmed cell death, enhancing cancer cell metastatic ability and acquiring resistance to drugs. Furthermore, ncRNAs exhibit tissue-specific expression as well as great stability in bodily fluids. As a consequence, they are strong contenders for cancer based theragnostics. microRNA (miRNA) alters gene expression primarily by either degrading or interfering with the translation of targeted mRNA and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can influence gene expression by targeting transcriptional activators or repressors, RNA polymers and even DNA-duplex. lncRNAs are typically found to be dysregulated in lung cancer and hence targeting ncRNAs could be a viable strategy for developing potential therapies as well as for overcoming chemoresistance in lung cancer. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the role of ncRNAs, revisiting the recent studies in lung cancer.

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Abbreviations

ncRNA:

Non-coding RNA

miRNA:

microRNA

lncRNAs:

Long non-coding RNA

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

tRNA:

Transfer RNA

rRNA:

Ribosomal RNA

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

piRNA:

Piwi-interacting RNA

snoRNA:

Small nucleolar RNA

rRNA:

Ribosomal RNA

SnRNA:

Small nuclear RNA

Endo-SiRNA:

Endogenous small-interfering RNA

SncRNA:

Short non-coding RNAs

SCLC:

Small cell lung cancer

LUAD:

Lung adenocarcinoma

LUSC:

Lung squamous cell carcinoma

LCC:

Large cell carcinoma

MALAT1:

Metastasis associated in lung adenocarcinoma transcript

circRNA:

Circular RNA

APAF1:

Apoptosis peptidase activating factor 1

RASA1:

RAS P21 protein activator 1

PDCD4:

Programmed cell death 4

SPRED1/2:

Sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 1/2

SPRY1/3/4:

Sprouty 1/3/4

RBL2:

RB Transcriptional corepressor like 2

M6a:

N6 -Methyladenine

METTL3:

Methyltransferase-like 3

Pri-miRNA:

Primary microRNA

DGCR8:

Digeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 microprocessor complex component

DROSHA:

Drosha ribonuclease type II

BRD4:

Bromodomain-containing protein 4

IRF2:

Interferon regulatory factor 2

SUZ12:

SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit

EZH2:

Zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunits

ZFX:

Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein

PTPRU:

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U

EPAS1:

Endothelial PAS domain protein 1

YBX1:

Y-box binding protein 1

SMAD3:

SMAD family member 3

CTLA4:

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associate protein 4

PD1:

Programmed death protein 1

PD-L1:

Programmed death ligand 1

VHL:

Von Hippel-Lindau

SDH:

Succinate dehydrogenase

FOXO3A:

Forkhead box O3

CXCR4:

C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4

CAF:

Cancer associated fibroblasts

TME:

Tumour microenvironment

EMT:

Epithelial mesenchymal transition

PDCD4:

Programmed cell dealth 4

APAF1:

Apoptosis peptidase activating factor 1

RASA1:

RAS p21 protein activator 1

SPRED1/2:

Sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 1/2

SPRY1/3/4:

Sprouty 1/3/4

RBL2:

RB transcriptional corepressor like 2

EZH2:

Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunits

ZFX:

Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein

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  1. Swagata Roy and Neeldeep Ganguly have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India

    Swagata Roy, Neeldeep Ganguly & Satarupa Banerjee

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Roy, S., Ganguly, N. & Banerjee, S. Exploring clinical implications and role of non-coding RNAs in lung carcinogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 49, 6871–6883 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07159-w

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