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Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of algal LPAT genes involved in TAG biosynthesis using bioinformatic approaches

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Abstract

Lysophosphatidyl acyltransferase (LPAT) is one of the major triacylglycerol synthesis enzymes, controlling the metabolic flow of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid. Experimental studies in Arabidopsis have shown that LPAT activity is exhibited primarily by three distinct isoforms, namely the plastid-located LPAT1, the endoplasmic reticulum-located LPAT2, and the soluble isoform of LPAT (solLPAT). In this study, 24 putative genes representing all LPAT isoforms were identified from the analysis of 11 complete genomes including green algae, red algae, diatoms and higher plants. We observed LPAT1 and solLPAT genes to be ubiquitously present in nearly all genomes examined, whereas LPAT2 genes to have evolved more recently in the plant lineage. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LPAT1, LPAT2 and solLPAT have convergently evolved through separate evolutionary paths and belong to three different gene families, which was further evidenced by their wide divergence at gene structure and sequence level. The genome distribution supports the hypothesis that each gene encoding a LPAT is not duplicated. Mapping of exon–intron structure of LPAT genes to the domain structure of proteins across different algal and plant species indicates that exon shuffling plays no role in the evolution of LPAT genes. Besides the previously defined motifs, several conserved consensus sequences were discovered which could be useful to distinguish different LPAT isoforms. Taken together, this study will enable the generation of experimental approximations to better understand the functional role of algal LPAT in lipid accumulation.

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Acknowledgments

Award of Senior Research Fellowship to NM by Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Director, CSIR-IMMT for his constant support and also providing laboratory facilities.

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  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751 013, Odisha, India

    Namrata Misra & Prasanna Kumar Panda

  2. Bioresources Engineering Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751 013, Odisha, India

    Namrata Misra, Prasanna Kumar Panda & Bikram Kumar Parida

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  1. Namrata Misra
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Correspondence to Prasanna Kumar Panda.

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Misra, N., Panda, P.K. & Parida, B.K. Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of algal LPAT genes involved in TAG biosynthesis using bioinformatic approaches. Mol Biol Rep 41, 8319–8332 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3733-1

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