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Proteolytic clipping of histone tails: the emerging role of histone proteases in regulation of various biological processes

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Abstract

Chromatin is a dynamic DNA scaffold structure that responds to a variety of external and internal stimuli to regulate the fundamental biological processes. Majority of the cases chromatin dynamicity is exhibited through chemical modifications and physical changes between DNA and histones. These modifications are reversible and complex signaling pathways involving chromatin-modifying enzymes regulate the fluidity of chromatin. Fluidity of chromatin can also be impacted through irreversible change, proteolytic processing of histones which is a poorly understood phenomenon. In recent studies, histone proteolysis has been implicated as a regulatory process involved in the permanent removal of epigenetic marks from histones. Activities responsible for clipping of histone tails and their significance in various biological processes have been observed in several organisms. Here, we have reviewed the properties of some of the known histone proteases, analyzed their significance in biological processes and have provided future directions.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to apologize to all scientists whose work could not be cited due to space limitation. We are thankful to all members of the Laboratory of Chromatin Biology for critical readings, discussions, or ideas for manuscript preparation. This research work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Govt. of India to RST. CSIR is acknowledged for fellowship support to GKA.

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  1. Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462023, India

    Gajendra Kumar Azad & Raghuvir S. Tomar

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  1. Gajendra Kumar Azad
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  2. Raghuvir S. Tomar
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Correspondence to Raghuvir S. Tomar.

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Azad, G.K., Tomar, R.S. Proteolytic clipping of histone tails: the emerging role of histone proteases in regulation of various biological processes. Mol Biol Rep 41, 2717–2730 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3181-y

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