Abstract
X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STR) loci are used for forensic practice in recent years in some complex kinship cases. The commercially available kit of Investigator Argus X-12 (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) makes it possible to examine the markers of DXS10148–DXS10135–DXS8378, DXS7132–DXS10079–DXS10074, DXS10103–HPRTB–DXS10101 and DXS10146–DXS10134–DXS7423, which belong to four linkage groups of X-chromosome. In this study, a total of 309 unrelated individuals (200 males and 109 females) from Shanghai Han population were successfully analyzed with this kit. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium tests demonstrated no significant deviation from expected values (P > 0.05) for all of the 12 X-STR loci in the Shanghai Han population. Linkage disequilibrium tests were performed for all pairs of loci by the Arlequin v3.1 software and only DXS10103–DXS10101 remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing (P < 0.05/66). The combined power of discrimination in males (CDPM) was 0.999999996 while in females (CDPF) was 0.999999999999995, and the combined mean exclusion chance in duo cases (CMECD) was 0.999998 while in trio cases (CMECT) was 0.999999986. The results suggest that the twelve X-STR loci may provide high polymorphic information for paternity testing and forensic identification in Chinese Han population from Shanghai.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Szibor R, Krawczak M, Hering S, Edelmann J, Kuhlisch E, Krause D (2003) Use of X-linked markers for forensic purposes. Int J Legal Med 117:67–74
Szibor R (2007) X-chromosomal markers: past, present and future. Forensic Sci Int Genet 1:93–99
Szibor R, Hering S, Kuhlisch E, Plate I, Demberger S, Krawczak M, Edelmann J (2005) Haplotyping of STR cluster DXS6801–DXS6809–DXS6789 on Xq21 provides a powerful tool for kinship testing. Int J Legal Med 119:363–369
Biotype AG (2009) Technical manual: Mentype® Argus X-12 PCR amplification kit
Zhang SH, Li CT, Zhao SM, Li L (2011) Genetic polymorphism of eight X-linked STRs of Mentype® Argus X-8 kit in Chinese population from Shanghai. Forensic Sci Int Genet 1:e21–e24
Walsh PS, Petzger DA, Higuchi R (1991) Chelex-100 as medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR-based typing from forensic material. Biotechniques 10:506–513
Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S (2005) Arlequinver 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol Bioinform 1:47–50
Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M et al (1980) Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 32(3):314–331
Desmarais D, Zhong Y, Chakraborty R et al (1998) Development of a highly polymorphic STR marker for identity testing purposes at the human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA). J Forensic Sci 43(5):1046–1049
Kishida T, Wang W, Fukuda M et al (1997) Duplex PCR of the Y-27H39 and HPRT loci with reference to Japanese population data on the HPRT locus. Jpn J Legal Med 51(2):67–69
Nei M, Roychoudhury AK (1974) Sampling variances of heterozygosity and genetic distance. Genetics 76(2):379–390
Zeng XP, Ren Z, Chen JD, Lv DJ, Tong DY, Chen H, Sun HY (2011) Genetic polymorphisms of twelve X-chromosomal STR loci in Chinese Han population from Guangdong Province. Forensic Sci Int Genet 4:e114–e116
Luo HB, Ye Y, Wang YY, Liang HB et al (2011) Characteristics of eight X-STR loci for forensic purposes in the Chinese population. Int J Legal Med 125:127–131
Liu QL, Lv DJ, Li XG, Zhao H et al (2011) Development of the nine X-STR loci typing system and genetic analysis in three nationality populations from china. Int J Legal Med 125:51–58
Li C, Ma T, Zhao S, Zhang S, Xu J, Zhao Z, Jin L, Li S (2011) Development of 11 X-STR loci typing system and genetic analysis in Tibetan and Northern Han populations from China. Int J Legal Med 125:753–756
Poetsch M, El-Mostaqim D, Tschentscher F, Browne EN, Timmann C et al (2009) Allele frequencies of 11 X-chromosomal loci in a population sample from Ghana. Int J Legal Med 123(1):81–83
Bekada A, Benhamamouch S, Boudjema A, Fodil M, Menegon S et al (2010) Analysis of 21 X-chromosomal STRs in an Algerian population sample. Int J Legal Med 124(4):287–294
Łuczak S, Rogalla U, Malyarchuk BA, Grzybowski T (2011) Diversity of 15 human X chromosome microsatellite loci in Polish population. Forensic Sci Int Genet 3:e71–e77
Turrina S, Atzei R, Filippini G, De Leo D (2007) Development and forensic validation of a new multiplex PCR assay with 12 X chromosomal short tandem repeats. Forensic Sci Int Genet 1(2):201–204
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation, P.R. China (No. 30901701 and 81172908), Nature Science Foundation of Shanghai (No. 11ZR1438400).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, S., Zhao, S., Zhu, R. et al. Genetic polymorphisms of 12 X-STR for forensic purposes in Shanghai Han population from China. Mol Biol Rep 39, 5705–5707 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-1379-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-1379-9