Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate immune response via recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), thus play important roles in host defense. Polymorphisms of TLR5 may affect their recognition of bacterial flagellin, leading to varied host resistance to pathogenic infections. Here, we cloned TLR5 genes from Common Pheasant, Guinea fowl and 9 Chicken breeds and analyzed their sequences. The open reading frames of TLR5 were sequenced. Amino acid analysis indicated that TLR5 from Chicken breeds shared 99.4–99.9% homology. The amino acid homology of TLR5 ranged from 92.1 to 92.5% between Chickens and Guinea fowl, 95.7–96.1% between Chickens and Turkey, 94.3–94.7% between Chickens and Common Pheasant, and 79.9–80.1% between Chickens and Zebra-finch. Different genetic patterns were determined among Chickens, Common Pheasant, Guinea fowl, Turkey and Zebra-finch. It was found that there were 92 amino acid polymorphic sites, among which 5 sites in chicken TLR5, 63 sites in Guinea fowl TLR5 and 44 sites in Common Pheasant TLR5. Our data indicate that the positive Darwinian selection occurred in avian TLR5 genes since frequency of non-synonymous (d N ) > frequency of synonymous (d S ). These results also demonstrate that avian TLR5 genes are polymorphic among avian breeds, suggesting a varied resistance among breeds of avian. This information might be of help to improve the health of avian by breeding and vaccination.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- LRR:
-
Leucine-rich repeat
- LRRCT:
-
C terminal LRR
- SNP:
-
Single nucleotide polymorphism
- TIR:
-
Toll/interleukin-1 receptor
- TLR:
-
Toll-like receptor
References
Jin MS, Lee JO (2008) Structures of the toll-like receptor family and its ligand complexes. Immunity 29(2):182–191
Werling D, Jann OC, Offord V, Glass EJ, Coffey TJ (2009) Variation matters: TLR structure and species-specific pathogen recognition. Trends Immunol 30(3):124–130
Beutler B, Rehli M (2002) Evolution of the TIR, tolls and TLRs: functional inferences from computational biology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 270:1–21
Roach JC, Glusman G, Rowen L, Kaur A, Purcell MK, Smith KD, Hood LE, Aderem A (2005) The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(27):9577–9582
Brownlie R, Allan B (2011) Avian toll-like receptors. Cell Tissue Res 343(1):121–130
Temperley ND, Berlin S, Paton IR, Griffin DK, Burt DW (2008) Evolution of the chicken Toll-like receptor gene family: a story of gene gain and gene loss. BMC Genomics 9:62
Wlasiuk G, Khan S, Switzer WM, Nachman MW (2009) A history of recurrent positive selection at the toll-like receptor 5 in primates. Mol Biol Evol 26(4):937–949
Hayashi F, Smith KD, Ozinsky A, Hawn TR, Yi EC, Goodlett DR, Eng JK, Akira S, Underhill DM, Aderem A (2001) The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5. Nature 410(6832):1099–1103
Andersen-Nissen E, Hawn TR, Smith KD, Nachman A, Lampano AE, Uematsu S, Akira S, Aderem A (2007) Cutting edge: Tlr5−/− mice are more susceptible to Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. J Immunol 178(8):4717–4720
Vijay-Kumar M, Aitken JD, Gewirtz AT (2008) Toll like receptor-5: protecting the gut from enteric microbes. Semin Immunopathol 30(1):11–21
Zhang C, Wu X, Zhao Y, Deng Z, Qian G (2011) SIGIRR inhibits toll-like receptor 4, 5, 9-mediated immune responses in human airway epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 38(1):601–609
Yilmaz A, Shen S, Adelson DL, Xavier S, Zhu JJ (2005) Identification and sequence analysis of chicken Toll-like receptors. Immunogenetics 56(10):743–753
Keestra AM, de Zoete MR, van Aubel RA, van Putten JP (2008) Functional characterization of chicken TLR5 reveals species-specific recognition of flagellin. Mol Immunol 45(5):1298–1307
Iqbal M, Philbin VJ, Withanage GS, Wigley P, Beal RK, Goodchild MJ, Barrow P, McConnell I, Maskell DJ, Young J, Bumstead N, Boyd Y, Smith AL (2005) Identification and functional characterization of chicken toll-like receptor 5 reveals a fundamental role in the biology of infection with Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Infect Immun 73(4):2344–2350
Misch EA, Hawn TR (2008) Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to human disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 114(5):347–360
Chen Z, Ma G, Qian Q, Yao Y, Feng Y, Tang C (2009) Toll-like receptor 8 polymorphism and coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 36(7):1897–1901
Liu X, Jiao Y, Wen X, Wang L, Ma C, Gao X, Chen ZJ, Zhao Y (2010) Possible association of VISA gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese population. Mol Biol Rep. doi:10.1007/s11033-010-0590-4
Pandey S, Mittal B, Srivastava M, Singh S, Srivastava K, Lal P, Mittal RD (2010) Evaluation of Toll-like receptors 3 (c.1377C/T) and 9 (G2848A) gene polymorphisms in cervical cancer susceptibility. Mol Biol Rep. doi:10.1007/s11033-010-0607-z
Xu CJ, Zhang WH, Pan HF, Li XP, Xu JH, Ye DQ (2009) Association study of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the exon 2 region of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) gene with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus among Chinese. Mol Biol Rep 36(8):2245–2248
Zhang YB, He FL, Fang M, Hua TF, Hu BD, Zhang ZH, Cao Q, Liu RY (2009) Increased expression of Toll-like receptors 4 and 9 in human lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep 36(6):1475–1481
Hawn TR, Verbon A, Lettinga KD, Zhao LP, Li SS, Laws RJ, Skerrett SJ, Beutler B, Schroeder L, Nachman A, Ozinsky A, Smith KD, Aderem A (2003) A common dominant TLR5 stop codon polymorphism abolishes flagellin signaling and is associated with susceptibility to legionnaires’ disease. J Exp Med 198(10):1563–1572
Hawn TR, Wu H, Grossman JM, Hahn BH, Tsao BP, Aderem A (2005) A stop codon polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 5 is associated with resistance to systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(30):10593–10597
Kao YL, Ffrench RA, Williams G (2004) Polymorphism report: identification of two common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) gene. Mol Cell Probes 18(3):205
Cormican P, Lloyd AT, Downing T, Connell SJ, Bradley D, O’Farrelly C (2009) The avian Toll-like receptor pathway–subtle differences amidst general conformity. Dev Comp Immunol 33(9):967–973
Miggin SM, O’Neill LA (2006) New insights into the regulation of TLR signaling. J Leukoc Biol 80(2):220–226
Hawn TR, Scholes D, Li SS, Wang H, Yang Y, Roberts PL, Stapleton AE, Janer M, Aderem A, Stamm WE, Zhao LP, Hooton TM (2009) Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to urinary tract infections in adult women. PloS one 4(6):e5990
Dhiman N, Ovsyannikova IG, Vierkant RA, Ryan JE, Pankratz VS, Jacobson RM, Poland GA (2008) Associations between SNPs in toll-like receptors and related intracellular signaling molecules and immune responses to measles vaccine: preliminary results. Vaccine 26(14):1731–1736
Downing T, Lloyd AT, O’Farrelly C, Bradley DG (2010) The differential evolutionary dynamics of avian cytokine and TLR gene classes. J Immunol 184(12):6993–7000
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24(8):1596–1599
Alcaide M, Edwards SV (2011) Molecular evolution of the toll-like receptor multigene family in birds. Mol Biol Evol 28(5):1703–1715
Bergman IM, Rosengren JK, Edman K, Edfors I (2010) European wild boars and domestic pigs display different polymorphic patterns in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1, TLR2, and TLR6 genes. Immunogenetics 62(1):49–58
Liu YP, Wu GS, Yao YG, Miao YW, Luikart G, Baig M, Beja-Pereira A, Ding ZL, Palanichamy MG, Zhang YP (2006) Multiple maternal origins of chickens: out of the Asian jungles. Mol Phylogenet Evol 38(1):12–19
Wigley P (2004) Genetic resistance to Salmonella infection in domestic animals. Res Vet Sci 76(3):165–169
de Zoete MR, Keestra AM, Wagenaar JA, van Putten JP (2010) Reconstitution of a functional Toll-like receptor 5 binding site in Campylobacter jejuni flagellin. J Biol Chem 285(16):12149–12158
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (# NYCYTX-41 to SJ Zheng), National Natural Science Foundation of China (#30725026 and 31072117 to SJ Zheng) and National Basic Research Program (Project 973) of China (#2006CB504303) for financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ruan, W., Wu, Y. & Zheng, S.J. Different genetic patterns in avian Toll-like receptor (TLR)5 genes. Mol Biol Rep 39, 3419–3426 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-1113-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-1113-7