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Recombinant hirudin treatment modulates aquaporin-4 and aquaporin-9 expression after intracerebral hemorrhage in vivo

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Abstract

Edema formation has been linked to thrombin toxicity induced by blood clot at the acute stage of intracerebral hemorrhage. Thrombin induces cell toxicity in neuron, microglia and astrocyte. Aquaporin (AQP) 4 and 9 are proteins expressed on astrocyte in rat brain and involved in the brain water accumulation in brain edema. Recombinant hirudin (r-Hirudin) is a direct inhibitor of thrombin that can block the toxicitic effect of thrombin. In this study, we demonstrated that autologous whole blood infusion in caudate nucleus up-regulates the expression of AQP4 and AQP9 mRNAs and proteins. AQP4 and AQP9 mRNAs expression peaked at about 6 h after blood infusion. The AQP4 protein peaked at about 48 h while AQP9 at about 24 h after blood infusion. Thrombin induced up-regulation of AQP4 and AQP9 were inhibited by r-Hirudin administration and significantly decreased the expression of both AQPs. We further investigated the relationship between edema formation and expression of AQP4 and AQP9. The data presented here may be helpful in optimizing r-Hirudin as an anti-thrombin drug in the treatment of edema at the acute stage of ICH.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants D200530 from the Province Nature Science Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China

    Zhe Sun, Zhenhuan Zhao, Shiguang Zhao, Yi Sheng, Cheng Gao, Jingwen Li & Xiangzhen Liu

  2. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Zonghang Zhao

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  1. Zhe Sun
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  2. Zhenhuan Zhao
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  3. Shiguang Zhao
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  5. Zonghang Zhao
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  8. Xiangzhen Liu
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Correspondence to Xiangzhen Liu.

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Zhe Sun and Zhenhuan Zhao contributed equally to this article.

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Sun, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhao, S. et al. Recombinant hirudin treatment modulates aquaporin-4 and aquaporin-9 expression after intracerebral hemorrhage in vivo. Mol Biol Rep 36, 1119–1127 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-008-9287-3

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