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Temperature change shortens maturation time in Lilium with evidence for molecular mechanisms

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Abstract

Lilium bulbs take at least 3 years to grow to commercial size; thus, finding ways to shorten the time to maturation would greatly reduce the cost of cultivation. Here, we used bulbs of Lilium OT “Robina” to test a short period of lowered temperature as a means to induce phase transition. The suitable temperature treatment to induce phase transition was 15 °C for 4 weeks. In this treatment, the main stem grew out, which shortened the growth cycle by at least 1 year compared with bulbs grown using standard temperatures. Moreover, we found potential molecular mechanisms to explain the induced phase transition. Using transcriptome sequencing, we found 373 differentially expressed genes, of which 172 were upregulated and 201 were downregulated. Many of the differentially expressed genes were involved in key regulatory pathways. The expression patterns of two key genes SPL9 and SPL15 were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that SPL9 and SPL15 played important roles in the age and phase transition of Lilium. This study provides a method for reducing the maturation time of Lilium bulbs and provides potential target genes that future researchers and breeding programs can pursue.

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Acknowledgements

The authors hope to express their appreciation to the reviewers for this manuscript.

Funding

This project was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Fund-Municipal Education Commission Jointly Funded Projects (grant No. KZ201810020029) and Beijing Municipal Education Commission (grant no. CEFF-PXM2018_014207_000024).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Ge, Jinteng Cui, Yang Shao, Xiaotian Bian & Kezhong Zhang

  2. Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Ge, Jinteng Cui & Kezhong Zhang

  3. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Rural Landscape Planning and Design, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Ge, Jinteng Cui & Kezhong Zhang

  4. College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China

    Yuehui Jia

Authors
  1. Wei Ge
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  2. Jinteng Cui
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  3. Yang Shao
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  4. Xiaotian Bian
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  5. Yuehui Jia
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  6. Kezhong Zhang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kezhong Zhang.

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Electronic supplementary material

Online Resource 1

Primers used in qRT-PCR (PDF 8 kb)

Online Resource 2

List of data output quality (PDF 34 kb)

Online Resource 3

Comparison results between all-Unigenes and public databases (PDF 31 kb)

Online Resource 4

Distribution map of comparison species in Nr library (PDF 490 kb)

Online Resource 5

GO ontology of differentially expressed Lilium genes during the vegetative transition phase. Genes were categorized according to biological process, cellular component or molecular function. (PDF 4970 kb)

Online Resource 6

KEGG classification of differentially expressed Lilium genes during the vegetative transition phase (PDF 2717 kb)

Online Resource 7

The analysis of differentially expressed Lilium genes between LS25T and LSa15T during the vegetative transition phase (PDF 1442 kb)

Online Resource 8

Gene Ontology classification of differentially expressed genes in samples (PDF 34 kb)

Online Resource 9

Significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in KEGG (PDF 30 kb)

Online Resource 10

Functional classification of differentially expressed genes (PDF 68 kb)

Online Resource 11

Relative expression level of SPL9 (A) and SPL15 (B) in different stages of Lilium. After culturing for 20 weeks at 25°C, bulbs were subjected to either T1 treatment at 25°C for 4 weeks or T2, 15°C for 4 weeks. Bars represent mean values of three replicates ± standard error. (PDF 3911 kb)

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Ge, W., Cui, J., Shao, Y. et al. Temperature change shortens maturation time in Lilium with evidence for molecular mechanisms. Mol Breeding 38, 145 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-018-0904-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-018-0904-0

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