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An efficient and green one-pot synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthenes, 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes by Fe3O4@Agar-Ag as nanocatalyst

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Abstract

Agar-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@agar) were prepared simply through in situ co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions via NH4OH in an aqueous solution of Agar. Coating of Ag+ ions on the surface of the latter followed by mild reduction of Ag+ with NaBH4 gives Fe3O4@Agar-Ag NPs. The magnetic Fe3O4@Agar-Ag nanocatalyst was characterized thoroughly by FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, VSM, EDX, TGA, and ICP analyses. Its catalytic activity was assessed in the synthesis of 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-one, 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes, and 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives through a one-pot condensation of dimedone, 2-naphthol, and aryl aldehydes in EtOH. This novel method represents lots of advantages compared to the previous researches, such as avoiding the toxic catalysts, easy method for isolation of the products, satisfying yields, totally clean conditions, and simplicity of the methodology. This catalytic system is attributed to an eco-friendly process, high catalytic activity, and facility of recovery using an external magnet.

Graphical abstract

A novel and magnetically recyclable catalyst known as Fe3O4@Agar-Ag NPs as a heterogeneous catalyst were synthesized by a simple method. Using this facile, efficient, and eco-friendly Nanocomposite, for the different models of xanthene reaction was represented.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Research Council of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (3/52357).

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Kimia Hoseinzade, Seyed Ali Mousavi-Mashhadi & Ali Shiri

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  1. Kimia Hoseinzade
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Hoseinzade, K., Mousavi-Mashhadi, S.A. & Shiri, A. An efficient and green one-pot synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthenes, 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes by Fe3O4@Agar-Ag as nanocatalyst. Mol Divers 26, 2745–2759 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-021-10368-3

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