Abstract
Humans have created a worldwide tragedy through free access to the global common atmosphere. The Conference of the Parties (COP) on climate change increased political commitment to reduce emission from deforestation and degradation and to enhance carbon stocks (REDD+). However, government sectors, political actors, business groups, civil societies, tree growers and other interest groups at different levels may support or reject REDD+. The paper used Arena-Actor-Institution concept to understand REDD+and provides agent-based modeling approach to harnessing its processes. The model explores: (a) how providers are likely to decrease or increase carbon stocks on their landscapes under ‘business as usual’ institutions; (b) how they are likely to negotiate with potential buyers with regards to the involvement of brokers (governments or nongovernmental organizations); and (c) how altruism and collaboration can affect the affectivity of REDD+. The model was developed as a spatially explicit model to consider the complexity of REDD+target landscapes. The simulation results are examined against the 3E+criteria, i.e. effectiveness in carbon emission reduction, cost efficiency and equity among involved stakeholders and co-benefit of other activities. This study took the Jambi landscape in Indonesia as a case. The results explain how REDD+agreement areas increase with higher carbon prices, e.g. US$25 or US$35. However, the simulation also shows that even with low carbon prices GHG emissions will decrease if the altruism degree and collective actions of the actors increases. The paper describes institutional arrangements which would help to harness the global commons of climate change.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angelsen A (ed) (2008) Moving ahead with REDD: issues, options and implications. CIFOR, Bogor
Barr C, Dermawan A, Purnomo H, Komarudin H (2010) Financial governance and Indonesia’s reforestation fund during the Soeharto and post-Soeharto periods, 1989–2009: a political economic analysis of lessons for REDD+. Occasional paper 52. CIFOR, Bogor
Bernard RH (1994) Research methods in anthropology. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oak, p 585
Chomitz KM (2007) At Loggerheads? Agricultural expansion, poverty reduction and environment in the tropical forests. The World Bank, Washington DC, p 284
Contreras-Hermosilla A (2000) The underlying causes of forest decline. Occasional Paper No. 30. CIFOR, Bogor
Grant JW, Pedersen EK, Marin SL (1997) Ecology and natural resource management: system analysis and simulation. Addison-Wesley, Reading
Hardin G (1968) The tragedy of the commons. Science 162(3859):1243–1248
Janssen MA, Ostrom E (2005) Governing social-ecological systems, handbook of computational economics II: agent-based computational economics, Edited by K.L. Judd and L. Tesfatsion, Elsevier Publisher
Matthews RB, Gilbert N, Roach A, Polhill JG, Gotts NM (2007) Agent-based land use models: a review of applications. Landsc Ecol 22:1447–1459
Ostrom E, Gardner R, Walker J (1994) Rules, games, and common-pool resources. University of Michigan Press, Michigan, p 340
Ostrom E, Burger J, Field CB, Norgaard RB, Policansky D (1999) Revisiting the commons: local lessons, global challenges. Science 284(5412):278–282
Paavola J (2008) Governing atmospheric sinks: the architecture of entitlements in the global commons. Int J Common 2(2):313–336
Parker C, Mitchell A, Trivedi M, Mardas N (2009) The little REDD+book. Global Canopy Foundation, Oxford, p 132
Purnomo H, Guizol P (2006) Simulating forest plantation co-management with multi-agent-system. Math Comput Model 44:535–552
Purnomo H, Mendoza GA (2011) A System dynamics model for evaluating collaborative forest management: a case study in Indonesia. Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol 18(2):164–176
Purnomo H, Mendoza GA, Prabhu R, Yasmi Y (2005) Developing multi-stakeholder forest management scenarios: a multi-agent system simulation approach. Forest Pol Econ 7:475–491
Purnomo H, Guizol P, Muhtaman DR (2009) Governing the teak furniture business: a global value chain system dynamic modeling approach. Environ Model Software 24(12):1391–1401
Purnomo H, Herawati H, Santoso H (2011) Indicators for assessing Indonesia’s Javan rhino national park vulnerability to climate change. J Mitigation Adapt Strat Glob Change (16):733–747
Railsback SF, Lytinen SL, Jackson SK (2006) Agent-based simulation platforms: review and development recommendations. Simulation 82(9):609–623
Sato G (2005) Forestry sector reform and distributional change of natural resource rent in Indonesia. J Develop Econ 43(1):149–170
Sayer J, Campbell B (2004) The science of sustainable development: local livelihoods and the global environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Stern N (2007) The economics of climate change: the stern review. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
UNFCCC (2007) Investment and financial flows to address climate change. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Vanclay JK (1994) Modelling of growth and tield of tropical moist forests. CAB International, Wallingford, p 312
Vanclay JK, Skovsgaard JP (1997) Evaluating forest growth models. Ecol Model 98(1):1–12
van Noordwijk M, Purnomo H, Peskett L, Setiono B (2008) Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre—ICRAF, Bogor
Weber J (1995) Gestion des ressources renouvelables: Fondements théoriques d’unprogramme de recherche. CIRAD-GREEN, Paris
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Purnomo, H., Suyamto, D. & Irawati, R.H. Harnessing the climate commons: an agent-based modelling approach to making reducing emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD)+work. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 18, 471–489 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-012-9370-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-012-9370-x