Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebral vascular disease which causes neurological deficits including long-term cognitive deficit. Demyelination of white matter is correlated with cognitive deficit in SAH. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a traditional Chinese medical treatment which protects against cognitive deficit in varies of neurological diseases. However, whether EA exerts protective effect on cognitive function in SAH has not been investigated. The underlying mechanism of remyelination regulated by EA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of EA on cognitive deficit in a rat model of SAH. SAH was induced in SD rats (n = 72) by endovascular perforation. Rats in EA group received EA treatment (10 min per day) under isoflurane anesthesia after SAH. Rats in SAH and sham groups received the same isoflurane anesthesia with no treatment. The mortality rate, neurological score, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and remyelination in sham, SAH and EA groups were assessed at 21 d after SAH.EA treatment alleviated cognitive deficits and myelin injury of rats compared with that in SAH group. Moreover, EA treatment enhanced remyelination in white matter and promoted the differentiation of OPCs after SAH. EA treatment inhibited the expression of Id2 and promoted the expression of SOX10 in oligodendrocyte cells. Additionally, the cerebral blood flow (CBF) of rats was increased by EA compared with that in SAH group. EA treatment exerts protective effect against cognitive deficit in the late phase of SAH. The underlying mechanisms involve promoting oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and remyelination in white matter via regulating the expression of Id2 and SOX10. The improvement of CBF may also account for the protective effect of EA on cognitive function. EA treatment is a potential therapy for the treatment of cognitive deficit after SAH.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to privacy protection and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request .
Abbreviations
- SAH:
-
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- EA:
-
Electroacupuncture
- CBF:
-
Cerebral blood flow
- OPC:
-
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
- TBI:
-
Traumatic brain injury
- MBP:
-
Myelin basic protein
- APP:
-
Amyloid precursor protein
- CCA:
-
Common carotid artery
- ECA:
-
External carotid artery
- ICA:
-
Internal carotid artery
- AC:
-
Anterior cerebral artery
- MWM:
-
Morris water maze
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- LTP:
-
Long-term potentiation
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Acknowledgements
We grant our gratitude to Siqin Huang(Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China) and her team for their help of instructing us to use electroacupuncture.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81901210 No.82071332 and No.82071397), the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant No.KJQN202000428 and Grant No.CYS22342).
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YW, XCS, SQS, and ZDG contributed the conception and design of the study. YYW, XMY, YCC, XGL, RX and JY organized the database. YYW and XMY performed the statistical analysis. YYW and XMY wrote the first draft of the manuscript. YYW, XMY, YCC, XGL, RX, and JY wrote the sections of the manuscript. YW and XCS contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Wang, Y., Yang, X., Cao, Y. et al. Electroacupuncture promotes remyelination and alleviates cognitive deficit via promoting OPC differentiation in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Metab Brain Dis 38, 687–698 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-01102-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-01102-5