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The Q192R polymorphism of the paraoxonase 1 gene is a risk factor for coronary artery disease in Saudi subjects

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Abstract

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a HDL-bound antioxidant enzyme that protects LDL from oxidative modification. Discovery of the antioxidant properties of PON1 led to extensive research on its role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The Q192R (rs662; A/G) polymorphism, which results in the glutamine to arginine substitution at position 192, of the PON1 gene has been linked to increased atherosclerosis risk in several but not all population studies. Besides genetic factors, environmental variables and ethnicity have been implicated as factors responsible for the ambiguity in relating the PON1 gene with atherosclerotic risk. Here, we tested the association of the Q192R polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Saudi ethnic subjects taking environmental factors into consideration. The genomic DNA samples from 121 angiographically confirmed CAD cases and 108 normal healthy control subjects were genotyped by PCR–RFLP analysis. The distribution of QQ, QR, and RR genotypes was significantly different between cases and controls (p < 0.005). The RR genotype was associated with CAD risk independently of several established risk factors including age, gender, smoking, obesity, and diabetes (OR 2.2, 1.4–7.4, p < 0.01). Genotype-based stratification of demographic and biochemical data revealed that the RR genotype has proatherogenic properties. This study, thus, identifies the Q192R polymorphism as an additional risk factor for CAD in the Saudi population and suggests that it may have prognostic value. The negative effect of this genetic variant is presumably due to the diminished ability of the RR variant genotype of PON1 to blunt LDL oxidation.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by research grants from the Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University (CEBR-GSRP 04/2011) and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST-A-S-11-0411).

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Authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed A. Hassan, Omar S. Al-Attas, Nasser M. Al-Daghri & Majed S. Alokail

  2. Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Omar S. Al-Attas, Tajamul Hussain, Nasser M. Al-Daghri & Majed S. Alokail

  3. Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Omar S. Al-Attas, Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Majed S. Alokail, Abdul K. Mohammed & Benjamin Vinodson

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  1. Mohammed A. Hassan
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  2. Omar S. Al-Attas
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  3. Tajamul Hussain
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  4. Nasser M. Al-Daghri
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  6. Abdul K. Mohammed
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Correspondence to Tajamul Hussain.

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Hassan, M.A., Al-Attas, O.S., Hussain, T. et al. The Q192R polymorphism of the paraoxonase 1 gene is a risk factor for coronary artery disease in Saudi subjects. Mol Cell Biochem 380, 121–128 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-013-1665-z

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