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Activation of PPARδ promotes mitochondrial energy metabolism and decreases basal insulin secretion in palmitate-treated β-cells

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Abstract

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) regulates the expression of genes involved in cellular lipid and cell energy metabolism in many metabolically active tissues, such as liver, muscle, and fat, and plays a role in the cellular response to stress and environmental stimuli. The particular role of PPARδ in insulin-secreting β-cells, however, is not well understood; we recently identified the cell-specific role of PPARδ on mitochondrial energy metabolism and insulin secretion in lipotoxic β-cells. After treatment of HIT-T15 cells, a syrian hamster pancreatic β-cell line, with high concentrations of palmitate and/or the specific PPARδ agonist GW501516, we detected the gene expression changes for transcripts, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA), the protein levels of the mitochondria uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), mitochondrial morphology, the insulin secretion capacity and ATP/ADP ratio. Our results show that GW501516 treatment promoted generation of mitochondrial ATP, as well as expression levels of PGC-1α, NRF-1 and mtTFA, decreased basal insulin secretion, but had no effect on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), increased amounts of UCP2 and changed ATP-to-ADP ratio, improved mitochondrial morphology in palmitate-treated β-cells. GW501516-induced activation of PPARδ enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism, but also promoted a concomitant mitochondrial uncoupling and resulted in decreased basal insulin secretion and restricted GSIS; this observation indicated the possible action of a protective mechanism responding to the alleviation of excessive lipid load and basal insulin secretion in lipotoxic β-cells.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by West China Hospital of Sichuan University. All studies were performed in the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Sichuan University. We are grateful to Xiao-yü Li for technical assistance.

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  1. Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China

    Li Jiang, Jun Wan, Lin-qiu Ke, Qing-guo Lü & Nan-wei Tong

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  1. Li Jiang
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  2. Jun Wan
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Correspondence to Nan-wei Tong.

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Jiang, L., Wan, J., Ke, Lq. et al. Activation of PPARδ promotes mitochondrial energy metabolism and decreases basal insulin secretion in palmitate-treated β-cells. Mol Cell Biochem 343, 249–256 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-010-0520-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-010-0520-8

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