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Mechanism of noradrenaline-induced stimulation of Na–K ATPase activity in the rat brain: implications on REM sleep deprivation-induced increase in brain excitability

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Abstract

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a unique phenomenon expressed in all higher forms of animals. Its quantity varies in different species and with ageing; it is also affected in several psycho-somatic disorders. Several lines of studies showed that after REM sleep loss, the levels of noradrenaline (NA) increase in the brain. The NA in the brain modulates neuronal Na–K ATPase activity, which helps maintaining the brain excitability status. The detailed mechanism of increase in NA level after REM sleep loss and the effect of NA on stimulation of Na–K ATPase in the neurons have been discussed. The findings have been reviewed and discussed with an aim to understand the role of REM sleep in maintaining brain excitability status.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphatase

Ca2+ :

Calcium ion

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

DBH:

Dopamine β-hydroxylase

DLC:

Digitalis-like compound

EDTA:

Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid

EGTA:

Ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

GABA:

Gamma amino butyric acid

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

IP3:

Inositol phosphate 3

K+ :

Potassium ion

LC:

Locus coeruleus

LP:

Lipid peroxidation

Mg2+ :

Magnesium ion

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

NA:

Noradrenaline

Na+ :

Sodium ion

Na K ATPase:

Sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase

NMDA:

N-methyl d-aspartic acid

PLC:

Phospholipase C

PNMT:

Phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase

REM:

Rapid eye movement

REMSD:

Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation

SF:

Synaptosomal factor

TH:

Tyrosine hydroxylase

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Acknowledgments

BNM gratefully acknowledges the funding received from Indian agencies viz. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Department of Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology, Indian Council of Medical Research, and University Grant Commission for his research.

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  1. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Birendra Nath Mallick, Sudhuman Singh & Abhishek Singh

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Mallick, B.N., Singh, S. & Singh, A. Mechanism of noradrenaline-induced stimulation of Na–K ATPase activity in the rat brain: implications on REM sleep deprivation-induced increase in brain excitability. Mol Cell Biochem 336, 3–16 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-009-0260-9

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