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Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinase by siRNA in HaCaT- and HeLaS3-cells affects cell viability and mitochondrial morphology

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Abstract

The creatine kinase (CK) system is essential for cellular energetics in tissues or cells with high and fluctuating energy requirements. Creatine itself is known to protect cells from stress-induced injury. By using an siRNA approach to silence the CK isoenzymes in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, expressing low levels of cytoplasmic CK and high levels of mitochondrial CK, as well as HeLa cancer cells, expressing high levels of cytoplasmic CK and low levels of mitochondrial CK, we successfully lowered the respective CK expression levels and studied the effects of either abolishing cytosolic brain-type BB-CK or ubiquitous mitochondrial uMi-CK in these cells. In both cell lines, targeting the dominant CK isoform by the respective siRNAs had the strongest effect on overall CK activity. However, irrespective of the expression level in both cell lines, inhibition of the mitochondrial CK isoform generally caused the strongest decline in cell viability and cell proliferation. These findings are congruent with electron microscopic data showing substantial alteration of mitochondrial morphology as well as mitochondrial membrane topology after targeting uMi-CK in both cell lines. Only for the rate of apoptosis, it was the least expressed CK present in each of the cell lines whose inhibition led to the highest proportion of apoptotic cells, i.e., downregulation of uMi-CK in case of HeLaS3 and BB-CK in case of HaCaT cells. We conclude from these data that a major phenotype is linked to reduction of mitochondrial CK alone or in combination with cytosolic CK, and that this effect is independent of the relative expression levels of Mi-CK in the cell type considered. The mitochondrial CK isoform appears to play the most crucial role in maintaining cell viability by stabilizing contact sites between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and maintaining local metabolite channeling, thus avoiding transition pore opening which eventually results in activation of caspase cell-death pathways.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Gesa Muhr and Dr. Ute Breitenbach, Beiersdorf AG (Hamburg, Germany) for support of the siRNA transfection experiments. Further we thank Ursula Lehr, Brigitte Agricola, and Volkwin Kramer, Department of Cytobiology and Cytopathology (Philipps University, Marburg) for their assistance with the transmission electron microscopy and photography. This work was supported by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation No. 31000AO-102075 (to T.W. and U.S.) and a “Chaire d’excellence” (ANR France, to U.S.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. R&D, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245, Hamburg, Germany

    Holger Lenz, Melanie Schmidt, Vivienne Welge, Thomas Kueper, Klaus-Peter Wittern, Horst Wenck, Franz Staeb & Thomas Blatt

  2. Institute of Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Hoenggerberg HPM, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland

    Theo Wallimann

  3. INSERM, U884, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, University Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France

    Uwe Schlattner

  4. Department of Cytobiology and Cytopathology, Philipps University Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany

    Hans-Peter Elsässer

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  1. Holger Lenz
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Correspondence to Holger Lenz.

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Lenz, H., Schmidt, M., Welge, V. et al. Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinase by siRNA in HaCaT- and HeLaS3-cells affects cell viability and mitochondrial morphology. Mol Cell Biochem 306, 153–162 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-007-9565-8

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