Abstract
This study compares rates of trial of labor after Cesarean delivery (TOLAC) and rates of successful TOLAC between 1990 and 2009. Serial cross-sectional analyses were performed using the National Hospital Discharge Survey data to compare rates of TOLAC and TOLAC success between 1990 and 2009. Joinpoint regression was used to assess trends over time, and logistic regression with marginal effects was used to examine the unadjusted and adjusted significance and magnitude of trends. The rate of TOLAC reached a high of 51.8 % (95 % CI 47.8–55.8 %) in 1995 and a low of 15.9 % (95 % CI 13.8–18.0 %) in 2006, declined, on average, 4.2 (95 % CI −4.8 to −3.9) percentage points per year between 1996 and 2005. Rates increased significantly from 1990 to 1996 and 2005 to 2009. TOLAC success was at its highest rate in 2000, 69.8 % (95 % CI 65.2–74.3 %) and its lowest in 2008, 38.5 % (95 % CI 28.1–48.8 %). The rate of TOLAC success increased significantly between 1990 and 2000, but declined thereafter an average of 3.4 % points per year (95 % CI −4.3 to −2.5). The rate of TOLAC in the US decreased between 1996 and 2005 and the rate of successful TOLAC has declined from 2000 to 2009.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
(1980). Cesarean childbirth. Consensus Development Conference Summary National Institutes of Health, 3(6), 39–53.
(1995). Vaginal delivery after a previous cesarean birth. ACOG Committee opinion. Number 143, October 1994. Committee on Obstetric Practice. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 48(1), 127–129.
(1999). Vaginal birth after previous cesarean delivery. ACOG practice bulletin. Number 2, October 1998. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 64(2), 201–208.
Menacker, F. (2005). Trends in cesarean rates for first births and repeat cesarean rates for low-risk women: United States, 1990–2003. National vital statistics reports (Vol. 54, no 4). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
Martin, J. A., Hamilton, B. E., Sutton, P. D., Ventura, S. J., Mathews, T. J., Kirmeyer, S., et al. (2010). Births: Final data for 2007. National vital statistics reports (Vol. 58, no 24). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
(2010). National Institutes of Health Consensus Development conference statement: vaginal birth after cesarean: new insights, March 8–10, 2010. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 115(6), 1279–1295.
Lavin, J. P., Stephens, R. J., Miodovnik, M., & Barden, T. P. (1982). Vaginal delivery in patients with a prior cesarean section. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 59(2), 135–148.
Flamm, B. L., Lim, O. W., Jones, C., Fallon, D., Newman, L. A., & Mantis, J. K. (1988). Vaginal birth after cesarean section: Results of a multicenter study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 158(5), 1079–1084.
Nielsen, T. F., Ljungblad, U., & Hagberg, H. (1989). Rupture and dehiscence of cesarean section scar during pregnancy and delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 160(3), 569–573.
Farmer, R. M., Kirschbaum, T., Potter, D., Strong, T. H., & Medearis, A. L. (1991). Uterine rupture during trial of labor after previous cesarean section. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 165(4 Pt 1), 996–1001.
McMahon, M. J., Luther, E. R., Bowes, W. A., Jr, & Olshan, A. F. (1996). Comparison of a trial of labor with an elective second cesarean section. New England Journal of Medicine, 335(10), 689–695.
Caughey, A. B., Shipp, T. D., Repke, J. T., Zelop, C. M., Cohen, A., & Lieberman, E. (1999). Rate of uterine rupture during a trial of labor in women with one or two prior cesarean deliveries. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 181(4), 872–876.
Rageth, J. C., Juzi, C., & Grossenbacher, H. (1999). Delivery after previous cesarean: A risk evaluation. Swiss Working Group of Obstetric and Gynecologic Institutions. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 93(3), 332–337.
Bais, J. M., van der Borden, D. M., Pel, M., et al. (2001). Vaginal birth after caesarean section in a population with a low overall caesarean section rate. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 96(2), 158–162.
Blanchette, H., Blanchette, M., McCabe, J., & Vincent, S. (2001). Is vaginal birth after cesarean safe? Experience at a community hospital. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 184(7), 1478–1484. discussion 84–87.
Hibbard, J. U., Ismail, M. A., Wang, Y., Te, C., & Karrison, T. (2001). Failed vaginal birth after a cesarean section: how risky is it? I. Maternal morbidity. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 184(7), 1365–1371. discussion 71–73.
Spaans, W. A., Sluijs, M. B., van Roosmalen, J., & Bleker, O. P. (2002). Risk factors at caesarean section and failure of subsequent trial of labour. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 100(2), 163–166.
Landon, M. B., Hauth, J. C., Leveno, K. J., et al. (2004). Maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with a trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(25), 2581–2589.
Loebel, G., Zelop, C. M., Egan, J. F., & Wax, J. (2004). Maternal and neonatal morbidity after elective repeat Cesarean delivery versus a trial of labor after previous Cesarean delivery in a community teaching hospital. Journal of Maternal Fetal Neonatal Medicine, 15(4), 243–246.
Lin, C., & Raynor, B. D. (2004). Risk of uterine rupture in labor induction of patients with prior cesarean section: an inner city hospital experience. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 190(5), 1476–1478.
Wen, S. W., Rusen, I. D., Walker, M., et al. (2004). Comparison of maternal mortality and morbidity between trial of labor and elective cesarean section among women with previous cesarean delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 191(4), 1263–1269.
Macones, G. A., Peipert, J., Nelson, D. B., et al. (2005). Maternal complications with vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: A multicenter study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 193(5), 1656–1662.
Cahill, A. G., Stamilio, D. M., Odibo, A. O., et al. (2006). Is vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) or elective repeat cesarean safer in women with a prior vaginal delivery? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 195(4), 1143–1147.
Kwee, A., Bots, M. L., Visser, G. H., & Bruinse, H. W. (2007). Obstetric management and outcome of pregnancy in women with a history of caesarean section in the Netherlands. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 132(2), 171–176.
Tan, P. C., Subramaniam, R. N., & Omar, S. Z. (2007). Labour and perinatal outcome in women at term with one previous lower-segment Caesarean: a review of 1000 consecutive cases. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 47(1), 31–36.
Stanley, A., DeLia, D., & Cantor, J. C. (2007). Racial disparity and technology diffusion: The case of cardioverter defibrillator implants, 1996–2001. Journal of the National Medical Association, 99(3), 201–207.
Holmes, J. S., Kozak, L. J., & Owings, M. F. (2007). Use and In-hospital mortality associated with two cardiac procedures, by sex and age: National trends, 1990–2004. Health Affairs, 26(1), 169–177.
Brown, C. A., Starr, A. Z., & Nunley, J. A. (2011). Analysis of Past Secular Trends of Hip Fractures and Predicted Number in the Future 2010–2050. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 26, 117–122.
Weiser, T. G., Semel, M. E., Simon, A. E., Lipsitz, S. R., Haynes, A. B., Funk, L. M., et al. (2011). In-hospital death following inpatient surgical procedures in the United States, 1996–2006. World Journal of Surgery, 35(9), 1950–1956.
Dennison, C. F.,& Pokras, R. (2000) Design and operation of the National Hospital Discharge Survey: 1988 redesign. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Statistics 1 39, 1–42. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_01/sr01_039.pdf.
Henry, O. A., Gregory, K. D., Hobel, C. J., & Platt, L. D. (1995). Using ICD-9 codes to identify indications for primary and repeat cesarean sections: agreement with clinical records. American Journal of Public Health, 85(8 Pt 1), 1143–1146. PMCID: 1615835.
Gregory, K. D., Korst, L. M., Gornbein, J. A., & Platt, L. D. (2002). Using administrative data to identify indications for elective primary cesarean delivery. Health Services Research, 37(5), 1387–1401. PMCID: 1464023.
Pokras, R., Kozak, L. J., McCarthy, E., & Graves, E. J. (1989). Trends in hospital utilization: United States, 1986. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Statistics, 13(101), 47.
StataCorp. (2009). Survey data. College Station, TX: StataCorp.
Joinpoint software. Available at http://surveillance.cancer.gov/joinpoint/. Accessed July, 2012.
Gregory, K. D., Korst, L. M., Fridman, M., et al. (2008). Vaginal birth after cesarean: Clinical risk factors associated with adverse outcome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 198, 452.e1–452.e12.
ACOG Practice Bulletin. (2010). Vaginal birth after previous cesarean delivery. Practice Bulletin number 115. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 116, 450–463.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. VitalStats. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/vitalstats.htm. Accessed September 26, 2012.
Zhang, J., Troendle, J., Reddy, U. M., et al. (2010). For the consortium, on safe labor. Contemporary cesarean delivery practice in the United States. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 203(326), e1–e10.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Uddin, S.F.G., Simon, A.E. Rates and Success Rates of Trial of Labor After Cesarean Delivery in the United States, 1990–2009. Matern Child Health J 17, 1309–1314 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-012-1132-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-012-1132-6