Skip to main content
Log in

AGM 25 Years

Twenty-Five Years of Research in Belief Change

  • Published:
Journal of Philosophical Logic Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The 1985 paper by Carlos Alchourrón (1931–1996), Peter Gärdenfors, and David Makinson (AGM), “On the Logic of Theory Change: Partial Meet Contraction and Revision Functions” was the starting-point of a large and rapidly growing literature that employs formal models in the investigation of changes in belief states and databases. In this review, the first twenty-five years of this development are summarized. The topics covered include equivalent characterizations of AGM operations, extended representations of the belief states, change operators not included in the original framework, iterated change, applications of the model, its connections with other formal frameworks, computatibility of AGM operations, and criticism of the model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Alchourrón, C. (1993). Philosophical foundations of deontic logic and the logic of defeasible conditionals. In J. J. Meyer, & R. J. Wieringa (Eds.), Deontic logics in computer science: normative system specification (pp. 43–84). Chicester: Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alchourrón, C. (1995). Defeasible logic: Demarcation and affinities. In C. Press (Ed.), Conditionals: From philosophy to computer science (pp. 67–102). Oxford: Crocco, Fariña del Cerro.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Alchourrón, C. (1996). Detachment and defeasibility in deontic logic. Studia Logica, 51, 5–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Alchourrón, C., Gärdenfors, P., & Makinson, D. (1985). On the logic of theory change: Partial meet contraction and revision functions. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 50, 510–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Alchourrón, C., & Makinson, D. (1981). Hierarchies of regulations and their logic. In R. Hilpinen (Ed.), New studies in deontic logic: Norms, actions, and the foundations of ethics (pp. 125–148).

  6. Alchourrón, C., & Makinson, D. (1985). On the logic of theory change: Safe contraction. Studia Logica, 44, 405–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Alechina, N., Jago, M., & Logan, B. (2006). Resource-bounded belief revision and contraction. In M. Baldoni, U. Endriss, A. Omicini, & P. Torroni (Eds.), Declarative agent languages and technologies III, third international workshop, DALT 2005, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 25 July 2005, Selected and revised papers. Lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 3904, pp. 141–154).

  8. Areces, C., & Becher, V. (2001). Iterable AGM functions. In H. Rott, & M.-A. Williams (Eds.), Frontiers in belief revision. Applied logic series (pp. 261–277). Kluwer Academic Publishers.

  9. Arló-Costa, H. (1995). Epistemic conditionals, snakes and stars. In A. H. Series editor: D. M. Gabbay, L. Fari nas del Cerro, G. Crocco (Ed.), Conditionals: From philosophy to computer science. Studies in logic and computation (Vol. 5, pp. 193–239). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  10. Arló-Costa, H. (2001). Bayesian epistemology and epistemic conditionals: On the status of the export-import laws. Journal of Philosophy, XCVIII(11), 555–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Arló-Costa, H., & Levi, I. (1996). Two notions of epistemic validity. Synthese, 109(2), 217–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Arló-Costa, H., Levi, I. (2006). Contraction: On the decision-theoretical origins of minimal change and entrenchment. Synthese, 152(1), 129–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Arló-Costa, H., & Parikh, R. (2005). Conditional probability and defeasible inference. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 34, 97–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Arló-Costa, H., & Pedersen, A. P. (2011). Social norms, rational choice and belief change. In E. Olsson (Ed.), Belief revision meets philosophy of science (pp 163–212). Springer.

  15. Arrow, K. J. (1951). Social choice and individual values. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Arrow, K. J. (1970). Collective choice and social welfare. Holden-Day.

  17. Aucher, G. (2003). A combined system for update logic and belief revision. Master’s thesis, ILLC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ILLC report MoL-2003-03.

  18. Aucher, G. (2007). Interpreting an action from what we perceive and what we expect. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 17(1), 9–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Aucher, G. (2010). Generalizing AGM to a multi-agent setting. Logic Journal of the IGPL, 18(1), 530–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Aumann, R. J. (1992). Irrationality in game theory. In P. Dasgupta, D. Gale, O. Hart, & E. Maskin (Eds.), Economic analysis of markets and games (essays in honor of Frank Hahn) (pp. 214–227). Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Baltag, A., Moss, L., & Solecki, S. (1998). The logic of public announcements, common knowledge, and private suspicions. In I. Gilboa (Ed.), Proceedings of the 7th conference on theoretical aspects of rationality and knowledge (TARK 98) (pp. 43–56).

  22. Baltag, A., & Smets, S. (2006). Dynamic belief revision over multi-agent plausibility models. In W. van der Hoek, & M. Wooldridge (Eds.), Proceedings of LOFT 2006 (7th conference on logic and the foundations of game and decision theory) (pp. 11–24).

  23. Becher, V. (1999). Binary functions for theory change. Ph.D. thesis, University of Buenos Aires.

  24. Becher, V., Fermé, E., Lazzer, S., Oller, C., Palau, G., & Rodríguez, R. (1999). Some observations on Carlos Alchourrón’s theory of defeasible conditionals. In M. N. P. Prakke (Ed.), Norms, logics and information systems. New studies on deontic logic and computer science (pp. 219–230). Amsterdam/Tokyo/Washington DC: Ios Press.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Benferhat, S., Kaci, S., Le Berre, D., & Williams, M.-A. (2004). Weakening conflicting information for iterated revision and knowledge integration. Artificial Intelligence, 153(1–2), 339–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Billington, D., Antoniou, G., Governatori, G., & Maher, M. J. (1999). Revising nonmonotonic theories: The case of defeasible logic. In KI (pp. 101–112).

  27. Bochman, A. (2001). A logical theory of nonmonotonic inference and belief change. Springer.

  28. Boella, G., da Costa Pereira, C., Pigozzi, G., Tettamanzi, A., & van der Torre, L. (2010). The role of beliefs in goal dynamics: Prolegomena to a constructive theory of intentions. Logic Journal of IGPL, 4(18), 559–578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Boella, G., Pigozzi, G., & van der Torre, L. (2009). Normative framework for normative system change. In S. Decker, J. S. Sichman, & C. Castelfranchi (Eds.), Proc. of 8th int. conf. on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (AAMAS 2009) (pp. 169–176). Budapest.

  30. Bonanno, G. (2005). A simple modal logic for belief revision. Synthese, 147, 193–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bonanno, G. (2007). Axiomatic characterization of the AGM theory of belief revision in a temporal logic. Artificial Intelligence, 171, 144–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bonanno, G. (2007). Temporal interaction of information and belief. Studia Logica, 86, 381–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Bonanno, G. (2009). Rational choice and AGM belief revision. Artificial Intelligence, 173, 1194–1203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Bonanno, G. (2009). Revealed preference, iterated belief revision and dynamic games. In G. Bonanno, J. Delgrande, & H. Rott (Eds.), Information processing, rational belief change and social interaction, Dagstuhl, Germany.

  35. Booth, R., Chopra, S., Meyer, T., & Ghose, A. (2004). A unifying semantics for belief change. In L. de Mántaras R., & S. L. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 16th European conference on artificial intelligence (ECAI 2004) (pp. 793–797).

  36. Booth, R., Chopra, S., Meyer, T., & Ghose, A. (2010). Double preference relations for generalised belief change. Artificial Intelligence, 174(16–17), 1339–1368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Booth, R., & Meyer, T. (2006). Admissible and restrained revision. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 26, 127–151.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Booth, R., & Meyer, T. (2010). Equilibria in social belief removal. Synthese, 26, 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Booth, R., Meyer, T., & Varzinczak, I. J. (2009). Next steps in propositional horn contraction. In Proceedings of the international joint conference on artificial intelligence (pp. 702–707).

  40. Booth, R., Meyer, T., Varzinczak, I. J. & Wassermann, R. (2010). A contraction core for horn belief change: Preliminary report. In Proceedings of the 13th international workshop on non-monotonic reasoning (NMR), Toronto.

  41. Booth, R., Meyer, T., Wong, K.-S. (2006). A bad day surfing is better than a good day working: How to revise a total preorder. In Proceedings of KR2006, tenth international conference on the principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (pp. 230–238).

  42. Booth, R., & Richter, E. (2001). On revising fuzzy belief bases. Studia Logica, 68, 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Borgida, A. (1985). Language features for flexible handling of exceptions in information systems. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 10(4), 565–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Boutilier, C. (1993). Revision sequences and nested conditionals. In Proc. 13th Int. joint conf. on artificial intelligence (IJCAI’93) (pp. 519–525).

  45. Boutilier, C. (1996). Iterated revision and minimal change of conditional beliefs. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 25, 263–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Brewka, G. (1991). Belief revision in a framework for default reasoning. In A. Fuhrmann, & M. Morreau (Eds.), The logic of theory change (pp. 206–222). Berlin.

  47. Cantwell, J. (1997). On the logic of small changes in hypertheories. Theoria, 63, 54–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Carnota, R., & Rodríguez, R. (2011). The AGM impact in artificial intelligence. In E. Olsson (Ed.), Belief revision meets philosophy of science (pp. 1–42). Springer.

  49. Castelfranchi, C. (1996). Reasons: Belief support and goal dynamics. Mathware & Soft Computing, 3, 233–247.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Castelfranchi, C. (1997). Representation and integration of multiple knowledge sources: Issue and questions. In V. Cantoni, V. Di Gesú, A. Setti, & D Tegolo (Eds.), Human & machine perception: Information fusion (pp. 235–254). Plenum Press.

  51. Castelfranchi, C., D’Aloisi, D., & Giacomelli, F. (1995). A framework for dealing with belief-goal dynamics. In AI*IA (pp. 237–242).

  52. Castelfranchi, C., & Paglieri, F. (2007). The role of beliefs in goal dynamics: Prolegomena to a constructive theory of intentions. Synthese, 155(2), 237–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Chopra, S., Ghose, A., & Meyer, T. (2003). Non-prioritized ranked belief change. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 32, 417–443(27).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Coniglio, M., & Carnielli, W. (2002). Transfers between logics and their applications. Studia Logica, 72, 367–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Cross, C., & Thomason, R. (1992). Conditionals and knowledge-base update. In P. Gärdenfors (Ed.), Belief revision. Cambridge tracts in theoretical computer science (Vol. 29, pp. 247–275). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Dalal, M. (1988). Investigations into a theory of knowledge base revision: Preliminary report. In Seventh national converence on artificial intelligence,(AAAI-88), St. Paul (pp. 475–479).

  57. Darwiche, A., & Pearl, J. (1996). On the logic of iterated belief revision. Artificial Intelligence, 89, 1–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. de Kleer, J. (1986). An assumption-based TMS. Artificial Intelligence, 28(2), 127–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. de Rijke, M. (1994). Meeting some neighbours. In J. van Eijck, & A. Visser (Eds.), Logic and information flow (pp. 170–195). Cambridge, MA.

  60. Delgrande, J. (2008). Horn clause belief change: Contraction functions. In G. Brewka, & J. Lang (Eds.), Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on the principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (pp. 156–165). Sydney.

  61. Delgrande, J., Dubois, D., & Lang, J. (2006). Iterated revision as prioritized merging. In P. Doherty, J. Mylopoulos, & C. Welty (Eds.), Tenth international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (pp. 210–220). Lake District, UK.

  62. Delgrande, J., & Schaub, T. (2003). A consistency-based approach for belief change. Artificial Intelligence, 151(1–2), 1–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Delgrande, J., & Wassermann, R. (2010). Horn clause contraction functions: Belief set and belief base approaches. In International conference on the principles of knowledge representation and reasoning, Toronto.

  64. Di Giusto, P., & Governatori, G. (1999). A new approach to base revision. In P. Barahona, & Alferes, J. J. (Eds.), Progress in artificial intelligence (pp. 327–341). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  65. Doyle, J. (1979). A truth maintenance system. Artificial Intelligence, 12, 231–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Doyle, J. (1992). Reason maintenance and belief revision: Foundations versus coherence theories. In P. Gärdenfors (Ed.), Belief revision. Cambridge tracts in theoretical computer science (Vol. 29, pp. 29–51). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Doyle, J. (2011). Mechanics and mental change. In S. Artmann (Ed.), Evolution of semantic systems. Springer (to appear).

  68. Dragoni, A. F. (1992). A model for belief revision in a multi-agent environment. In Y. Demazeau, & E. Werner (Eds.), Decentralized A.I. (pp. 103–112).

  69. Dubois, D., & Prade, H. (1991). Epistemic entrenchment and possibilistic logic. Artificial Intelligence, 50(2), 223–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Dupin de Saint-Cyr, F., & Lang, J. (2002). Belief extrapolation (or how to reason about observations and unpredicted change). In D. M. D. Fensel, F. Giunchiglia, & M. Williams (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (KR2002) (pp. 497–508).

  71. Eiter, T., & Gottlob, G. (1992). On the complexity of propositional knowledge base revision, updates, and counterfactuals. Artificial Intelligence, 57, 227–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Fagin, R., Ullman, J., & Vardi, M. (1983). On the semantics of updates in databases: Preliminary report. In Proceedings of second ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD symposium on principles of database systems (pp. 352–365).

  73. Falappa, M., Fermé, E., & Kern-Isberner, G. (2006). On the logic of theory change: Relations between incision and selection functions. In G. Brewka, S. Coradeschi, A. Perini, & P. Traverso (Eds.), Proceedings 17th European conference on artificial intelligence, ECAI06 (pp. 402–406).

  74. Falappa, M., García, A. J., Kern-Isberner, G., & Simari, G. R. (2010). Stratified belief bases revision with argumentative inference (manuscript).

  75. Falappa, M., Kern-Isberner, G., & Simari, G. R. (2002). Belief revision, explanations and defeasible reasoning. Artificial Intelligence, 141, 1–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Falappa, M. A., Kern-Isberner, G., & Simari, G. R. (2009). Belief revision and argumentation theory. In G. Simari, & I. Rahwan (Eds.), Argumentation in artificial intelligence (pp. 341–360). US: Springer.

  77. Fermé, E. (1992). Actualización de bases de conocimiento usando teorías de cambio de creencia. Iberamia, 92, 419–436.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Fermé, E. (1999). A little note about maxichoice and epistemic entrenchment. In R. de Queiroz, & W. Carnielli (Eds.), Proceedings workshop on logic, language, information and computation Wollic’99, Itatiaia, Brasil (pp. 111–114).

  79. Fermé, E. (1999). Revising the AGM postulates. Ph.D. thesis, University of Buenos Aires.

  80. Fermé, E. (2000). Irrevocable belief revision and epistemic entrenchment. Logic Journal of the IGPL, 8(5), 645–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Fermé, E., & Hansson, S. O. (1999). Selective revision. Studia Logica, 63(3), 331–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Fermé, E., & Hansson, S. O. (2001). Shielded contraction. In H. Rott, & M.-A. Williams (Eds.), Frontiers in belief revision. Applied logic series (pp. 85–107). Kluwer Academic Publishers.

  83. Fermé, E., Krevneris, M., & Reis, M. (2008). An axiomatic characterization of ensconcement-based contraction. Journal of Logic and Computation, 18(5), 739–753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Fermé, E., Mikalef, J., & Taboada, J. (2003). Credibility-limited functions for belief bases. Journal of Logic and Computation, 13(1), 99–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Fermé, E., & Reis, M. D. L. (2010). System of spheres-based multiple contractions. Journal of Philosophical Logic (to appear).

  86. Fermé, E., & Rodriguez, R. (1998). A brief note about the Rott contraction. Logic Journal of the IGPL, 6(6), 835–842.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Fermé, E., & Rodríguez, R. (2006). DFT and belief revision. Análisis Filosófico, XXVII(2), 373–393.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Fermé, E., & Rott, H. (2004). Revision by comparison. Artificial Intelligence, 157, 5–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Fermé, E., Saez, K., & Sanz, P. (2003). Multiple kernel contraction. Studia Logica, 73, 183–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Friedman, N., & Halpern, J. Y. (1997). Modeling belief in dynamic systems. Part I: Foundations. Artificial Intelligence, 95(2), 257–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Friedman, N., & Halpern, J. Y. (1999). Belief revision: A critique. Journal of Logic, Language, and Information, 8, 401–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Friedman, N., & Halpern, J. Y. (1999). Modeling belief in dynamic systems. Part II: Revision and update. Journal of AI Research, 10, 117–167.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Fuhrmann, A. (1988). Relevant logic, modal logic and theory change. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Philosophy and Automated Reasoning Project, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, Canberra.

  94. Fuhrmann, A. (1989). Reflective modalities and theory change. Synthese, 81(1), 115–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Fuhrmann, A. (1991). Theory contraction through base contraction. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 20, 175–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Fuhrmann, A. (1996). Everything in flux: Dynamic ontologies. In S. Lindström, R. Sliwinski (Eds.), Odds and ends: Philosophical essays dedicated to Wlodek Rabinowicz on the occasion of his fiftieth birthday. Uppsala Philosophical studies (Vol. 45, pp. 111–125).

  97. Fuhrmann, A. (1997). An Essay on contraction. Studies in logic, language and information. Stanford: CSLI Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Fuhrmann, A. (1997). Solid belief. Theoria, 63, 90–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Fuhrmann, A. (1997). Travels in ontological space. In G. Meggle, & A. Mundt (Eds.), Analyomen 2. Proceedings of the 2nd conference perspectives in analytical philosophy (pp. 68–77).

  100. Fuhrmann, A., & Hansson, S. O. (1994). A survey of multiple contraction. Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 3, 39–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Gabbay, D., & Hunter, A. (1991). Making inconsistency respectable. In P. Jorrand, & J. Kelemen (Eds.), Fundamental of artificial intelligence research (FAIR ’91). Lecture notes in artificial intelligence (Vol. 535, pp. 19–32).

  102. Gabbay, D., Rodrigues, O., & Russo, A. (1999). Revision by translation. In R. R. Y. B. Bouchon-Meunier, & L. A. Zadeh (Eds.), Information, uncertainty, fusion (pp. 3–31).

  103. Gabbay, D., Rodrigues, O., & Russo, A. (2008). Belief revision in non classical logics. The Review of Symbolic Logic, 1(03), 267–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Gabbay, D. M., Pigozzi, G., & Woods, J. (2003). Controlled revision—an algorithmic approach for belief revision. Journal of Logic and Computation, 13(1), 3–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Gallier, J. R. (1992). Autonomous belief revision and communication. In P. Gärdenfors (Ed.), Belief revision. Cambridge tracts in theoretical computer science (Vol. 29, pp. 220–246). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Gärdenfors, P. (1982). Rules for rational changes of belief. In T. Pauli (Ed.), Philosophical essays dedicated to Lennart Ȧqvist on his fiftieth birthday (pp. 88–101).

  107. Gärdenfors, P. (1984). Epistemic importance and minimal changes of belief. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 62, 136–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Gärdenfors, P. (1986). Belief revisions and the Ramsey test for conditionals. Philosophical Review, 95, 81–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Gärdenfors, P. (1988). Knowledge in flux: Modeling the dynamics of epistemic states. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Gärdenfors, P. (1990). The dynamics of belief systems: Foundations versus coherence theories. Reveu Internationale de Philosophie, 44, 24–46.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Gärdenfors, P. (1991). Belief revision and nonmonotonic logic: Two sides of the same coin?. In J. Mvan Eijck (Ed.), Logics in AI. European workshop JELIA ’90 Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 10–14 September, 1990 Proceedings. Lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 478, pp. 52–54).

  112. Gärdenfors, P. (2011). Notes on the history of ideas behind AGM (this issue).

  113. Gärdenfors, P., & Makinson, D. (1988). Revisions of knowledge systems using epistemic entrenchment. In M. Y. Vardi (Ed.), Proceedings of the second conference on theoretical aspects of reasoning about knowledge (pp. 83–95). Los Altos.

  114. Gärdenfors, P., & Rott, H. (1993). Belief revision. In D. M. Gabbay, C. J. Hogger, & J. A. Robinson (Eds.), Handbook of logic in artificial intelligence and logic programming. Epistemic and temporal reasoning (Vol. 3, pp. 35–132). Oxford University Press.

  115. Glaister, S. M. (2000). Recovery recovered. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 29, 171–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Governatori, G., & Rotolo, A. (2010). Changing legal systems: Legal abrogations and annulments in defeasible logic. Logic Journal of IGPL, 18(1), 157–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Grove, A. (1988). Two modellings for theory change. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 17, 157–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Grüne-Yanoff, T., & Hansson, S. O. (2009). From belief revision to preference change. In T. Grüne-Yanoff, & S. O. Hansson (Eds.), Preference change: Approaches from philosophy, economics and psychology (pp. 159–184). Springer.

  119. Hansson, S. O. (1989). New operators for theory change. Theoria, 55, 114–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Hansson, S. O. (1991). Belief base dynamics. Ph.D. thesis, Uppsala University.

  121. Hansson, S. O. (1991). Belief contraction without recovery. Studia Logica, 50, 251–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Hansson, S. O. (1992). A dyadic representation of belief. In P. Gärdenfors (Ed.), Belief revision. Cambridge tracts in theoretical computer science (Vol. 29, pp. 89–121). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Hansson, S. O. (1992). In defense of base contraction. Synthese, 91, 239–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Hansson, S. O. (1992). In defense of the Ramsey test. The Journal of Philosophy, 89, 522–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. Hansson, S. O. (1992). Similarity semantics and minimal changes of belief. Erkenntnis, 37, 401–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. Hansson, S. O. (1993). Reversing the Levi identity. Journal of Philosophycal Logic, 22, 637–669.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. Hansson, S. O. (1993). Theory contraction and base contraction unified. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 58, 602–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Hansson, S. O. (1994). Kernel contraction. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 59, 845–859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Hansson, S. O. (1994). Taking belief bases seriously. In D. Prawitz, & D. Westerståhl (Eds.), Logic and philosophy of science in Uppsala (pp. 13–28). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Hansson, S. O. (1995). Changes in preference. Theory and Decision, 38, 1–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Hansson, S. O. (1997). Semi-revision. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logic, 7(1–2), 151–175.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Hansson, S. O. (1999). A survey of non-prioritized belief revision. Erkenntnis, 50, 413–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. Hansson, S. O. (1999). A textbook of belief dynamics. Theory change and database updating. Applied logic series. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Hansson, S. O. (2000). Coherentist contraction. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 29, 315–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Hansson, S. O. (2003). Ten philosophical problems in belief revision. Journal of Logic and Computation, 13, 37–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Hansson, S. O. (2006). Logic of belief revision. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. The Metaphysics Research Lab. Center for the Study of Language and Information. Stanford University. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-belief-revision/.

  137. Hansson, S. O. (2007). Contraction based on sentential selection. Journal of Logic and Computation, 17, 479–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  138. Hansson, S. O. (2008). Specified meet contraction. Erkenntnis, 69, 31–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. Hansson, S. O. (2009). Replacement—a sheffer stroke for belief revision. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 38, 127–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. Hansson, S. O. (2010). Multiple and iterated contraction reduced to single-step single-sentence contraction. Synthese, 173, 153–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. Hansson, S. O., Fermé, E., Cantwell, J., & Falappa, M. (2001). Credibility-limited revision. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 66(4), 1581–1596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. Hansson, S. O., & Makinson, D. (1997). Applying normative rules with restraint. In M. L. Dalla Chiara et al. (Eds.), Logic and scientific method (pp. 313–332). Kluwer Academic Publishers.

  143. Hansson, S. O., & Olsson E. (1999). Providing foundations for coherentism. Erkenntnis, 51, 243–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Hansson, S. O., & Wassermann, R. (2002). Local change. Studia Logica, 70(1), 49–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Harman, G. (1986). Change in view—principles of reasoning. Cambridge York: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Harper, W. (1977). Rational conceptual change. In T. U. of Chicago Press (Ed.), PSA: Proceedings of the biennial meeting of the philosophy of science association. Symposia and invited papers (Vol. 2, pp. 462–494).

  147. Hild, M., & Spohn, W. (2008). The measurement of ranks and the laws of iterated contraction. Artificial Intelligence, 172, 1195–1218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. Hintikka, J. (1962). Knowledge and belief: An introduction to the logic of the two notions. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Jin, Y., & Thielscher, M. (2007). Iterated belief revision, revised. Artificial Intelligence, 171, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  150. Jin, Y., & Thielscher, M. (2008). Reinforcement belief revision. Journal of Logic and Computation, 18, 783–813.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. Johnson, F. L. (2006). Dependency-directed reconsideration: An anytime algorithm for hindsight knowledge-base optimization. Ph.D. thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo.

  152. Johnson, F. L., & Shapiro, S. C. (2005). Dependency-directed reconsideration: Belief base optimization for truth maintenance systems. In Proceedings of the twentieth national conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI-05) (pp. 313–320).

  153. Johnson, F. L., & Shapiro, S. C. (2005). Improving recovery for belief bases. In L. Morgenstern, & M. Pagnucco (Eds.), IJCAI-05 workshop on nonmonotonic reasoning, action, and change (NRAC’05) (pp. 65–70). Edinburgh.

  154. Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Katsuno, H., & Mendelzon, A. (1991). Propositional knowledge base revision and minimal change. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 52, 263–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. Katsuno, H., & Mendelzon, A. (1992). On the difference between updating a knowledge base and revising it. In P. Gärdenfors (Ed.), Belief revision. Cambridge tracts in theoretical computer science (Vol. 29, pp. 183–203). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Kelly, K. (1998). Iterated belief revision, reliability, and inductive amnesia. Erkenntnis, 50, 11–58.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Kern-Isberner, G. (2004). A thorough axiomatization of a principle of conditional preservation in belief revision. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, 40(1–2), 127–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. Kern-Isberner, G. (2008). Linking iterated belief change operations to nonmonotonic reasoning. In G. Brewka, & J. Lang (Eds.), Proceedings 11th international conference on knowledge representation and reasoning, KR’2008 (pp. 166–176). Menlo Park, CA.

  160. Konieczny, S., & Pérez, R. P. (2000). A framework for iterated revision. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 10(3–4), 339–367.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Konieczny, S., & Perez, R. P. (2008). Improvement operators. In Eleventh international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (KR’08) (pp. 177–186).

  162. Konieczny, S., & Perez, R. P. (2011). Logic based merging (this issue).

  163. Konieczny, S., & Pérez, R. P. (2002). Merging information under constraints: A logical framework. Journal of Logic and Computation, 12(5), 773–808.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  164. Kourousias, G., & Makinson, D. (2007). Parallel interpolation, splitting, and relevance in belief change. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 72(3), 994–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. Kyburg, H. E. (1961). Probability and the logic of rational belief. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  166. Lang, J., & van der Torre, L. (2008). From belief change to preference change. In M. Ghallab, C. D. Spyropoulos, N. Fakotakis, & N. M. Avouris (Eds.), ECAI 2008—18th European conference on artificial intelligence, Patras, Greece, 21–25 July, 2008, Proceedings. Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications (Vol. 178, pp. 351–355).

  167. Langlois, M., Szörényi, R. H. S. B., & Turán, G. (2008). Horn complements: Towards horn-to-horn belief revision. In Twenty-third AAAI conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI-08) (pp. 466–471). AAAI Press.

  168. Lehmann, D., Magidor, M., & Schlechta, K. (2001). Distance semantics for belief revision. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 66(1), 295–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  169. Lehmann, D. J. (1995). Belief revision, revised. In Proceedings of the fourteenth international joint conference on artificial intelligence (IJCAI’95) (pp. 1534–1540).

  170. Levi, I. (1977). Subjunctives, dispositions, and chances. Synth̀ese, 34, 423–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  171. Levi, I. (1980). The enterprise of knowledge. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Levi, I. (1988). Iteration of conditionals and the Ramsey test. Synthese, 76, 49–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  173. Li, J. (1998). A note on partial meet package contraction. Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 7, 139–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. Lin, J. (1996). Integration of weighted knowledge bases. Artificial Intelligence, 83(2), 363–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  175. Lindström, S. (1991). A semantic approach to nonmonotonic reasoning: Inference operations and choice. Uppsala Prints and Preprints in Philosophy 6, Dep. of Philosophy, Uppsala University.

  176. Lindström, S., & Rabinowicz, W. (1989). On probabilistic representation of non-probabilistic belief revision. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 19, 69–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. Lindström, S., & Rabinowicz, W. (1991). Epistemic entrenchment with incomparabilities and relational belief revision. In A. Fuhrmann, & M. Morreau (Eds.), The logic of theory change (pp. 93–126). Berlin.

  178. Lindström, S., & Rabinowicz, W. (1992). Belief revision, epistemic conditionals and the Ramsey test. Synthese, 91, 195–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  179. Lindström, S., & Rabinowicz, W. (1998). Conditionals and the Ramsey test. In D. Gabbay, & P. Smets (Eds.), Handbook of defeasible reasoning and uncertainty mangement systems (Belief Change) (Vol. 3, pp. 147–188). Kluwer.

  180. Lindström, S., & Rabinowicz, W. (1999). Belief change for introspective agents. In S. H. Bengt Hansson, & Nils-Eric-Sahlin (Eds.), Spinning ideas. Electronic essays dedicated to Peter Gärdenfors on his fiftieth birthday. http://www.lucs.lu.se/spinning/.

  181. Lindström, S., & Rabinowicz, W. (1999). DDL unlimited. Dynamic doxastic logic for introspective agents. Erkenntnis, 51, 353–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  182. Liu, W. (2002). A framework for multi-agent belief revision. Ph.D. thesis, University of Newcastle.

  183. Makinson, D. (1965). The paradox of the preface. Analysis, 25, 205–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  184. Makinson, D. (1985). How to give it up: A survey of some recent work on formal aspects of the logic of theory change. Synthese, 62, 347–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  185. Makinson, D. (1987). On the status of the postulate of recovery in the logic of theory change. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 16, 383–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  186. Makinson, D. (1990). The Gärdenfors impossibility theorem in nonmonotonic contexts. Studia Logica, 49, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  187. Makinson, D. (1997). On the force of some apparent counterexamples to recovery. In E. Garzón Valdés et al. (Eds.), Normative systems in legal and moral theory: Festschrift for Carlos Alchourrón and Eugenio Bulygin (pp. 475–481). Berlin.

  188. Makinson, D. (1997). Screened revision. Theoria, 63, 14–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  189. Makinson, D. (2003). Ways of doing logic: What was new about AGM 1985. Journal of Logic and Computation, 13, 5–15.

    Google Scholar 

  190. Makinson, D. (2009). Propositional relevance through letter-sharing. Journal of Applied Logic, 7(4), 377–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  191. Makinson, D. (2010). Conditional probability in the light of qualitative belief change (this issue).

  192. Makinson, D., & Gärdenfors, P. (1991). Relation between the logic of theory change and nonmonotonic logic. In Fuhrmann, & Morreau (Eds.), The logic of theory change (pp. 185–205). Berlin.

  193. Malheiro, B., Jennings, N. R., & Oliveira, E. (1994). Belief revision in multi-agent systems. In ECAI (pp. 294–298).

  194. Malheiro, B., & Oliveira, E. (2000). Solving conflicting beliefs with a distributed belief revision approach. In Monard, M., & Sichman, J. (Eds.), Advances in artificial intelligence. Lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 1952, pp. 146–155). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Martins, J. & Shapiro, S. (1988). A model for belief revision. Artificial Intelligence, 35, 25–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  196. Meyer, T., Lee, K., & Booth, R. (2005). Knowledge integration for description logics. In Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on logical formalizations of commonsense reasoning (pp. 645–650).

  197. Moore, G. (1942). A reply to my critics. In P. Schilpp (Ed.), The philosophy of G.E. Moore. The library of living philosophers (Vol. 4, pp. 535–677). Evanston IL: Northwestern University.

    Google Scholar 

  198. Nayak, A. (1994). Iterated belief change based on epistemic entrenchment. Erkenntnis, 41, 353–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  199. Nayak, A., Nelson, P., & Polansky, H. (1996). Belief change as change in epistemic entrenchment. Synthese, 109, 143–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  200. Nayak, A., Pagnucco, M., Peppas, P. (2003). Dynamic belief revision operators. Artificial Intelligence, 146(2), 193–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  201. Nebel, B. (1989). A knowledge level analysis of belief revision. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference of principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (pp. 301–311).

  202. Nebel, B. (1992). Syntax-based approaches of belief revision. In P. Gärdenfors (Ed.) Belief revision (pp. 52–88).

  203. Nebel, B. (1998). How hard is it to revise a belief base?. In D. Dubois, & Prade, H. (Eds.), Handbook of defeasible reasoning and uncertainty management systems. Belief change (Vol. 3), pp. 77–145. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  204. Nittka, A. (2008). A method for reasoning about other agents’ beliefs from observations. Ph.D. thesis, University of Leipzig.

  205. Olsson, E. (1997). Coherence. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Philosophy. Uppsala University.

  206. Olsson, E. (2003). Belief revision, rational choice and the unity of reason. Studia Logica, 73, 219–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  207. Paglieri, F. (2005). See what you want, believe what you like: Relevance and likeability in belief dynamics. In Proceedings AISB’05 symposium? Agents that want and like: Motivational and emotional roots of cognition and action (pp. 90–97).

  208. Paglieri, F. (2006). Belief dynamics: From formal models to cognitive architectures, and back again. Ph.D. thesis, Università degli Studi di Siena.

  209. Paglieri, F., & Castelfranchi, C. (2004). Argumentation and data-oriented belief revision: On the two-sided nature of epistemic change. In CMNA IV: 4th workshop on computational models of natural argument (pp. 5–12).

  210. Paglieri, F., & Castelfranchi, C. (2006). The Toulmin test: Framing argumentation within belief revision theories. In B. V. D. Hitchcock (Ed.), Arguing on the Toulmin model (pp. 359–377). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  211. Pagnucco, M. (1996). The role of abductive reasoning within the process of belief revision. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Sydney.

  212. Parikh, R. (1999). Beliefs, belief revision, and splitting languages. In Logic, language, and computation. CSLI lecture notes (Vol. 96-2, pp. 266–268). Springer.

  213. Peppas, P. (2004). The limit assumption and multiple revision. Journal of Logic and Computation, 14(3), 355–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  214. Plaza, J. (1989). Logics of public communications. In M. Emrich, M. Pfeifer, M. Hadzikadic, & Z. Ras (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on methodologies for intelligent systems: Poster session program (pp. 201–216).

  215. Priest, G. (2001). Paraconsistent belief revision. Theoria, 67(3), 214–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  216. Rabinowicz, W. (1995). Global belief revision based on similarities between worlds. In S. O. Hansson, & W. Rabinowicz (Eds.), Logic for a change (Vol. 9, pp. 80–105). Uppsala Prints and Preprints in Philosophy. Dep. of Philosophy, Uppsala University.

  217. Reis, M. D. L., & Fermé, E. (2010). Possible worlds semantics for partial meet multiple contraction. Journal of Philosophical Logic (to appear).

  218. Reiter, R. (1987). A theory of diagnosis from first principles. Artificial Intelligence, 32, 57–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  219. Revesz, P. Z. (1993). On the semantics of theory change: Arbitration between old and new information. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium on principles of databases (pp. 71–92).

  220. Ribeiro, M. M., & Wassermann, R. (2009). Base revision for ontology debugging. Journal of Logic and Computation, 19(5), 721–743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  221. Rodrigues, O., & Benevides, M. (1994). Belief revision in pseudo-definite sets. In Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian symposium on artificial intelligence (SBIA ’94).

  222. Rott, H. (1986). Ifs, though and because. Erkenntnis, 25, 345–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  223. Rott, H. (1989). Conditionals and theory change: Revision, expansions, and additions. Synthese, 81, 91–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  224. Rott, H. (1991). A nonmonotonic conditional logic for belief revision. Part 1: Semantics and logic of simple conditionals. In F. A., & M. Morreau (Eds.), The logic of theory change, workshop, lecture notes in artificial intelligence (Vol. 465). Konstanz, FRG.

  225. Rott, H. (1992). On the logic of theory change: More maps between different kinds of contraction functions. In P. Gärdenfors (Ed.), Belief revision. Cambridge tracts in theoretical computer science (Vol. 29, pp. 122–141). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  226. Rott, H. (1992). Preferential belief change using generalized epistemic entrenchment. Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 1, 45–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  227. Rott, H. (1993). Belief contraction in the context of the general theory of rational choice. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 58, 1426–1450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  228. Rott, H. (1995). Just because. Taking belief bases very seriously.. In S. O. Hansson, & W. Rabinowicz (Eds.), Logic for a change (Vol. 9, pp. 106–124). Uppsala Prints and Preprints in Philosophy. Dep. of Philosophy, Uppsala University.

  229. Rott, H. (2000). Just because. Taking belief bases seriously.. In S. Buss, P. Hajek, & P. Pudlak (Eds.), Logic colloquium ’98—proceedings of the annual European summer meeting of the association for symbolic logic. Lecture notes in logic (Vol. 13). Prague.

  230. Rott, H. (2000). Two dogmas of belief revision. Journal of Philosophy, 97(9), 503–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  231. Rott, H. (2001). Change, choice and inference: A study of belief revision and nonmonotonic reasoning. Oxford logic guides. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  232. Rott, H. (2003). Basic entrenchment. Studia Logica, 73, 257–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  233. Rott, H. (2003). Coherence and conservatism in the dynamics of belief. Part II: Iterated belief change without dispositional coherence. Journal of Logic and Computation, 13, 111–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  234. Rott, H. (2009). Degrees all the way down: Beliefs, non-beliefs and disbeliefs. In Springer (Ed.), Degrees of belief (pp. 301–339). Dordrecht: Franz Huber and Christoph Schmidt-Petri.

  235. Rott, H. (2009). Shifting priorities: Simple representations for twenty-seven iterated theory change operators. In H. W. D. Makinson, & J. Malinowski (Eds.), Towards mathematical philosophy. Trends in logic (Vol. 28, pp. 269–296). Springer Science.

  236. Rott, H. (2010). Bounded revision: Two dimensional belief change between conservative and moderate revision (manuscript).

  237. Rott, H., & Pagnucco, M. (1999). Severe withdrawal (and recovery). Journal of Philosophical Logic, 28, 501–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  238. Ryan, M., & Schobbens, P.-Y. (1997). Counterfactuals and updates as inverse modalities. Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 6, 123–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  239. Samet, D. (1996). Hypothetical knowledge and games with perfect information. Games and Economic Behavior, 17, 230–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  240. Satoh, K. (1988). Nonmonotonic reasoning by minimal belief revision. In FGCS (pp. 455–462).

  241. Schlechta, K. (1997). Non-prioritized belief revision based on distances between models. Theoria, 63, 34–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  242. Segerberg, K. (1989). A note on the impossibility theorem of Gärdenfors. Noûs, 23, 351–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  243. Segerberg, K. (1995). Belief revision from the point of view of doxastic logic. Bulletin of the IGPL, 3, 535–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  244. Segerberg, K. (1995). Some questions about hypertheories. In S. O. Hansson, & W. Rabinowicz (Eds.), Logic for a change. Uppsala prints and preprints in philosophy (Vol. 9, pp. 136–153). Dep. of Philosophy, Uppsala University.

  245. Segerberg, K. (1996). Two traditions in the logic of belief: Bringing them together. Uppsala Prints and Preprints in Philosophy 11, Dep. of Philosophy, Uppsala University.

  246. Segerberg, K. (1997). Irrevocable belief revision in dynamic doxastic logic. Uppsala Prints and Preprints in Philosophy 6, Dep. of Philosophy, Uppsala University.

  247. Sen, A. (1971). Choice functions and revealed preference. Review of Economic Studies, 38, 307–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  248. Sen, A. (1997). Maximization and the act of choice. Econometrica, 65(4), 121–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  249. Spohn, W. (1983). Eine theorie der kausalität. Unpublished Habilitationsschrift. Available at http://www.uni-konstanz.de/FuF/Philo/Philosophie/Spohn/spohn_files/Habilitation.pdf.

  250. Spohn, W. (1988). Ordinal conditional functions: A dynamic theory of epistemic states. In W. Harper, & B. Skyrms (Eds.), Causation in decision, belief change and statistics (Vol. 2, pp. 105–134) Dordrecht: D. Reidel.

    Google Scholar 

  251. Spohn, W. (2009). A survey of ranking theory. In C. S.-P. F. Huber (Ed.), Degrees of belief. An anthology (pp. 185–228). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  252. Spohn, W. (2010). Multiple contraction revisited. In M. R. Mauricio Suárez, & M. Dorato (Eds.), EPSA epistemology and methodology of science. Launch of the European philosophy of science association (Vol. 1, pp. 279–288). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  253. Stalnaker, R. (1968). A theory of conditionals. In N. Rescher (Ed.), Studies in logical theory. American philosophical quarterly monograph series (Vol. 2). Blackwell, Oxford. Also appears in Ifs, (ed., by W. Harper, R. C. Stalnaker and G. Pearce), Reidel, Dordrecht, 1981.

  254. Tamminga, A. (2001). Belief dynamics: (Epistemo)logical investigations. Ph.D. thesis, Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, Universiteit van Amsterdam.

  255. Val, A. D. (1997). Non monotonic reasoning and belief revision: Syntactic, semantic, foundational, and coherence approaches. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 7, 213–240.

    Google Scholar 

  256. van Benthem, J. (1989). Semantic parallels in natural language and computation. In Logic colloquium ’87. Amsterdam.

  257. van Benthem, J. (1994). Logic and the flow of information. In Proceedings of the 9th international congress of logic, methodology and philosophy of science (1991). Also available as: Report LP-91-10, ILLC, University of Amsterdam.

  258. van Benthem, J. (2004). Dynamic logic for belief revision. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 14, 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  259. van Ditmarsch, H. (2005). Prolegomena to dynamic logic for belief revision. Synthese (Knowledge, Rationality & Action), 147, 229–275.

    Google Scholar 

  260. van Ditmarsch, H., & Kooi, B. (2006). The secret of my success. Synthese, 151, 201–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  261. van Ditmarsch, H., & Labuschagne, W. (2007). My beliefs about your beliefs—a case study in theory of mind and epistemic logic. Knowledge, Rationality & Action (Synthese), 155, 191–209.

    Google Scholar 

  262. van Ditmarsch, H., van der Hoek, W., & Kooi, B. (2007). Dynamic epistemic logic. Synthese library (Vol. 337). Springer.

  263. Wassermann, R. (1999). Resource bounded belief revision. Erkenntnis, 50, 429–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  264. Wassermann, R. (2000). Resource bounded belief revision. Ph.D. thesis, University of Amsterdam.

  265. Wassermann, R. (2001). Local diagnosis. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 11, 107–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  266. Weydert, E. (1992). Relevance and revision—about generalizing syntax-based belief revision. In D. Pearce, & G. Wagner (Eds.), Logics in AI, European workshop, JELIA ’92. Lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 633, pp. 126–138). Germany.

  267. Weydert, E. (1994). General belief measures. In R. L. de Mántaras, & D. Poole (Eds.), UAI ’94: Proceedings of the tenth annual conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence (pp. 575–582).

  268. Weydert, E. (2005). Projective default epistemology. In G. Kern-Isberner, W. Rödder, & F. Kulmann (Eds.), Conditionals, information, and inference, international workshop, WCII 2002, Hagen, Germany, 13–15 May 2002, revised selected papers. Lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 3301, pp. 65–85).

  269. Williams, M.-A. (1992). Two operators for theory bases. In Proc. Australian joint artificial intelligence conference (pp. 259–265).

  270. Williams, M.-A. (1997). Applications of belief revision. In Proceedings of the fourteenth international joint conference on artificial intelligence (pp. 74–79).

  271. Williams, M.-A., & Sims, A. (2000). SATEN: An object-oriented web-based revision and extraction engine. In International workshop on nonmonotonic reasoning (NMR’2000). Online computer science abstract. http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.AI/0003059/.

  272. Winslett, M. (1988). Reasoning about action using a possible models approach. In AAAI (pp. 89–93).

  273. Zhang, D. (1996). Belief revision by sets of sentences. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 11(2), 108–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  274. Zhang, D. (2004). Properties of iterated multiple belief revision. In V. Lifschitz, & I. Niemelä (Eds.), LPNMR 2004 (pp. 314–325).

  275. Zhang, D. (2010). A logic-based axiomatic model of bargaining. Artificial Intelligence, 174, 1307–1322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  276. Zhuang, Z., & Pagnucco, M. (2010). Horn contraction via epistemic entrenchment. In T. Janhunen, & I. Niemelä (Eds.), Logics in artificial intelligence Lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 6341, pp. 339–351). Springer Berlin / Heidelberg

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eduardo Fermé.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fermé, E., Hansson, S.O. AGM 25 Years. J Philos Logic 40, 295–331 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10992-011-9171-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10992-011-9171-9

Keywords

Navigation