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Exploring spatial correlations between ecosystem services and sustainable development goals: a regional-scale study from China

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Abstract

Context

Ecosystem services (ESs) are the bridge connecting natural capital and social development. Incorporating ESs into social-ecological management strategy helps to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there is currently a lack of quantitative exploration of the correlations between ES and SDGs, especially from a spatial zoning perspective.

Objectives

This study attempted to explore spatial correlations between ESs and SDGs to support sustainable landscape planning in Guangdong Province, China.

Methods

The self-organizing feature map neural network analysis was used to characterize the spatial clustering of eight types of ESs and three types of SDGs, and the spatial explanatory power of ESs for SDGs in different zones was analyzed with the application of geographical detector.

Results

Guangdong Province was divided into four zones based on spatial clustering: ecological regulation dominant zone (Zone 1), production-ecology transition zone (Zone 2), key grain production zone (Zone 3), and high well-being zone (Zone 4). The high ESs values were concentrated in the Zone 1, and the high SDGs values were concentrated in the Zone 4. In the Zone 1, habitat quality and soil conservation had high explanatory power for no poverty, while water yield and soil conservation had high explanatory power for zero hunger. In the Zone 2, water yield and habitat quality had high explanatory power for no poverty. In the Zone 3, grain production and tropical cyclone impact mitigation had high explanatory power for no poverty, while soil conservation had high explanatory power for zero hunger. In the Zone 4, grain production had high explanatory power for no poverty, while landscape recreation had high explanatory power for good health.

Conclusions

The spatial correlations between ESs and SDGs were obviously different among regions with different social-ecological backgrounds. When implementing SDGs-oriented sustainable landscape planning, targeted strategies are needed based on the correlations between ESs and SDGs in different regions.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U20A2084).

Funding

Funding was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U20A2084).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Zihan Xu, Jian Peng, Hanbing Zhang, Jianquan Dong & Sijing Qiu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Yanxu Liu

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  1. Zihan Xu
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Contributions

ZX: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft, visualization. JP: conceptualization, writing—review and editing, validation. HZ: methodology, writing—review and editing. YL: methodology, writing—review and editing. JD: visualization, writing—review and editing. SQ: visualization, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Jian Peng.

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Xu, Z., Peng, J., Zhang, H. et al. Exploring spatial correlations between ecosystem services and sustainable development goals: a regional-scale study from China. Landsc Ecol 37, 3201–3221 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-022-01542-5

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