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How do physical and social factors affect urban landscape patterns in intermountain basins in Southwest China?

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Abstract

Context

Urbanization in mountainous areas concentrates in intermountain basins (locally named as “bazi”) formed by various geomorphological processes, resulted in a unique urban landscape patterns (ULP) and hierarchically structured determinants.

Objectives

Detecting ULP in basins across the mountainous Yunnan Province in Southwest China; disentangling the impacts of physical and social drivers on ULP in basins of variable sizes and administrative levels.

Methods

Five indices of ULP were extracted from Landsat 8 OLA, and linked to causal variables of basin geomorphology, land cover types, administrative structure, road network, within-basin topography and climate; and generalized linear regression and random forest models were applied to estimate factor importance for variation of ULP within basins.

Results

(1) The capital cities of Yunnan Province and its 100% prefectures, 70% counties and 30% townships were located inside a total of 1198 basins with the area ranging from 1.0 to 1385.1 km2. (2) ULP patterns in basins of county and higher administrative levels were prominently constrained by physical and social features of basins, and were less interpretable in basins of lower administrative level. (3) Basin area but not shape showed dominant impact on ULP, with direct limit effect revealed only in basins of small size and high administrative level. The administrative structure dominated the spatial configuration of ULP (i.e. patch density, connectance and agglomeration) in basins, and regulated the role of road system, topography and climate with hierarchical differences.

Conclusions

The ULP in mountain areas was co-dominated by physical and social features of basins. Mountain urbanization impacts should be reduced by rational urban development planning harmonizing physical constraints and administrative optimization.

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Acknowledgement

We are very grateful to Prof. Jingle Wu and all anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments on the earlier version that help a lot on this paper. We also appreciate Wang Jiawei, Jin Lulu, Chen Xinshuo for their efforts in collecting and digitizing data.

Funding

This study was part of outputs of “Yunnan Vegegraphy Research” (2018–2021) granted by Major projects of Yunnan Science and Technology Department (Grant Nos. 2018FY001(-002)). It was also supported by Yunnan University’s “Double Top Class” Development Programs—“Research station of Mountain-Urban-Lake complex ecosystem”, and grant by Yunnan Nationalities University Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Yunnan University).

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Author notes

  1. Chongyun Wang and Danni Wu have been contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Cuihubeilu 2, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China

    Chongyun Wang, Danni Wu, Mingchun Peng & Xiaokun Ou

  2. The Key MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Beijing, 100871, China

    Zehao Shen

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  1. Chongyun Wang
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Correspondence to Zehao Shen.

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Wang, C., Wu, D., Shen, Z. et al. How do physical and social factors affect urban landscape patterns in intermountain basins in Southwest China?. Landscape Ecol 36, 1893–1911 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01182-7

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