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Quantitative assessment of demand and supply of urban ecosystem services in different seasons: a case study on air purification in a temperate city

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Abstract

Context

For policy makers and scientists to understand patterns of ecosystem services demand (ESd) and supply (ESs) that show a paradox of a compact city, information regarding the balance between ESd and ESs is needed. However, as evaluation of the ESd–ESs balance based on averaged yearly data would minimize the impact of extreme values, the analysis based on seasonal data is important.

Objectives

To elucidate seasonal changes of and mismatches between ESd and ESs, we investigated (1) whether seasonal variations of ESs and ESd for PM2.5 and SO2 removal were synchronous; (2) in which season ESs could most/least satisfy ESd; (3) whether seasonal imbalance existed, although ESs might apparently satisfy ESd based on annual data; and (4) how spatial patterns of seasonal mismatches varied.

Methods

Deficit ratio and supply–demand ratio were utilized to assessed the risk of ESd–ESs mismatch for air purification and analyzed the extent to which ESs meets ESd respectively, on seasonal and annual timescales in Shenyang.

Results

The ESd and ESs of air purification ecosystem services for PM2.5 and SO2 are asynchronous. Inconsistency in the seasonal pattern between ESs and ESd induces severe mismatch between ESs and ESd in some seasons, e.g., winter. Assessment based on annual data could result in overoptimistic evaluations of ecosystem services.

Conclusions

The ESs–ESd balance isn't only spatially heterogeneous but also temporally heterogeneous. Therefore, explicit spatiotemporal analysis of ecosystem services would provide additional information that could help policy makers develop and implement effective targeted strategies.

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Acknowledgements

Funding for this study was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41730647 and 41671185). We thank James Buxton MSc from Liwen Bianji, Edanz Group China (www.liwenbianji.cn./ac), for editing the English text of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110164, China

    Jing Yao, Miao Liu, Xiaobo Wang, Xingyuan He, Yuanman Hu & Wei Chen

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Miao Liu, Xingyuan He, Yuanman Hu & Wei Chen

  3. Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorological Disasters, Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Nina Chen

  4. Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Wei Chen

  5. Shenyang Institute of Technology, Shenyang, 113122, China

    Xueyan Wang

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  1. Jing Yao
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Yao, J., Liu, M., Chen, N. et al. Quantitative assessment of demand and supply of urban ecosystem services in different seasons: a case study on air purification in a temperate city. Landscape Ecol 36, 1971–1986 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01112-7

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