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Synergistic flame-retardant effects of ammonium polyphosphate and AC-Fe2O3 in epoxy resin

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Abstract

The synergistic flame-retardant and smoke suppression properties of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and activated carbon-supported Fe2O3 (AC-Fe2O3) on flame-retardant epoxy resin (EP) composites were studied. The fire behavior and smoke emission of EP composites were evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), scanning electron microscopy, UL-94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter test. LOI and UL-94 tests showed that the addition of appropriate amount of AC-Fe2O3 can effectively reduce the fly ash phenomenon, the dripping, and after-flame time. The thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry results showed that APP and AC-Fe2O3 can effectively decrease the maximum decomposition rate (Rmax) and promote the carbonization reaction of EP. As for the cone calorimeter test results, APP and AC-Fe2O3 clearly changed the decomposition behavior of EP, leading to the formation of a stable char layer on the surface of the composites. When flame-retardant loading was 4 mass%, the peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate of the 3APP/1AC-Fe2O3/EP sample decreased 50.2% and 46.9%, respectively. The amount of char residual after test increased from 8.47 to 21.25%. In addition, it was observed from the macroscopic photographs of the char residue after the cone test that, at the optimum proportion, APP and AC-Fe2O3 could promote the formation of compact charred layers and prevent their cracking, which effectively protected the underlying materials from burning.

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Acknowledgements

The work was financially supported by the Key Basic Research Project of Hebei Province (No. 16961402D) and the Higher Education Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Province (ZD2018011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, The Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, People’s Republic of China

    Qingyi Song, Hao Liu, Xiaoxia Han, Hongqiang Qu & Jianzhong Xu

  2. Department of Foundation Couses, Agricultural University of Hebei, Cangzhou, 061100, People’s Republic of China

    Hongjuan Wu

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  1. Qingyi Song
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  2. Hongjuan Wu
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  3. Hao Liu
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  4. Xiaoxia Han
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  5. Hongqiang Qu
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  6. Jianzhong Xu
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Correspondence to Hongqiang Qu.

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Song, Q., Wu, H., Liu, H. et al. Synergistic flame-retardant effects of ammonium polyphosphate and AC-Fe2O3 in epoxy resin. J Therm Anal Calorim 138, 1259–1267 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08247-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08247-z

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