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Novel empirical correlation for ionanofluid PEC inside tube subjected to heat flux with application to solar energy

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Abstract

Ionic liquid-based nanofluids are a very novel group of fluids used for enhancing heat transfer in different applications, especially in solar energy ones where the parabolic trough pipe receiver is subjected to heat flux due to the sun beam radiation. In regard to this new class of fluids, no empirical correlations are available for their heat transfer capabilities inside tubes even if some research on local Nusselt number of regular flow is present in the current literature. This paper introduces new correlation for heat transfer and friction factor in pipes subjected to constant heat flux considering [C4mim] [NTf2] ionic liquid-based nanofluids flow. In addition, the performance evaluation criteria as an optimization parameter between heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop penalty have been evaluated. In this particular application, the flow is laminar, as recommended in low heat flux applications (solar beam radiation), with Reynolds number in the range of 100–2000 and nanoparticles volume concentration varying from 0 to 2.5%. In addition, according to the change in the [C4mim] [NTf2] ionic liquid thermophysical properties with temperature, the Prandtl number consequently has been changed. As an overall conclusion, the proposed correlations can be seen as favorable for the heat transfer enhancement estimation of the parabolic trough for the solar energy applications. Finally, this pioneering class of heat transfer fluids (ionic liquid-based nanofluids) reveals a great potential in advanced heat transfer applications; therefore, the new correlations aim to collaborate to this progress.

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Abbreviations

C P :

Specific heat (J kg−1 K)

D :

Pipe inside diameter (m)

f :

Friction factor

Gz :

Graetz number

h :

Average heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K)

k :

Fluid thermal conductivity (W m−1 K)

L :

Pipe length (m)

Nu :

Nusselt number

P :

Pressure (N m−2)

P :

Dimensionless pressure

PEC :

Performance evaluation criteria

Pr :

Prandtl number

q :

Heat flux (W m−2)

r o :

Pipe inside radius (m)

r :

Radial coordinate (m)

R :

Radial dimensionless coordinate

Re :

Reynolds number

T :

Local temperature (K)

T b :

Bulk temperature (K)

T w :

Wall temperature (K)

u :

Velocity components in r direction

v :

Velocity components in z direction

U :

Dimensionless velocity component in R direction

V :

Dimensionless velocity component in Z direction

Z :

Longitudinal dimension coordinate (m)

Z :

Longitudinal dimensionless coordinate

α :

Thermal diffusivity (m2 s−1)

ϕ :

Volume concentration

θ :

Dimensionless temperature

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (kg m−1 s)

ν :

Kinematics viscosity (m2 s−1)

ρ :

Local density (kg m−3)

f:

Base fluid

ionano:

Ionanofluids

∞:

Inlet to pipe

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Wael M. El-Maghlany

  2. Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, Technical University “Gheorghe Asachi” from Iasi, Iasi, Romania

    Alina Adriana Minea

Authors
  1. Wael M. El-Maghlany
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  2. Alina Adriana Minea
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Correspondence to Alina Adriana Minea.

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El-Maghlany, W.M., Minea, A.A. Novel empirical correlation for ionanofluid PEC inside tube subjected to heat flux with application to solar energy. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 1161–1170 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7461-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7461-y

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