Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pyrolysis characteristics of Longkou oil shale under optimized condition

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Factors influencing the pyrolysis process of Longkou oil shale, such as nitrogen flow rate, pyrolysis temperature, particle size, and heating rate, were investigated in order to optimize the pyrolysis condition and reduce the secondary reactions. Oil yield reached the maximum value, 17.46 %, higher than Fischer assay oil yield, at heating rate 15 °C min−1 up to 550 °C under 0.6 L min−1 nitrogen flow rate for 2- to 3-mm oil shale particles. Compared with the retorting gas obtained from Fischer assay, the retorting gas under optimized condition had a higher organic/inorganic gas ratio and alkanes/alkenes (C1–C5), due to the inhibition of the gas cracking or secondary gas phase reactions. And the shale oil obtained from optimized condition had a lower IBP and higher distilled mass percent when reaching the same end temperature, 750 °C. The content of total alkanes and alkenes in the shale oil under optimized condition was 401 and 181 mg g −1oil , which were higher than those from Fischer assay, but the C8–C10 alkenes were lower, proving that optimizing pyrolysis condition was beneficial to reducing the secondary reactions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jiang XM, Han XX, Cui ZG. New technology for the comprehensive utilization of Chinese oil shale resources. Energy. 2007;32(5):772–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kok MV, Senguler I. Geological and thermal characterization of Eskisehir region oil shales. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;116:367–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ma Y, He L, Li SY, Teng JS. Heat transfer of oil shale in a small-scale fixed bed. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124:461–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Jiang XM, Han XX, Cui ZG. Progress and recent utilization trends in combustion of Chinese oil shale. Prog Energy Combust Sci. 2007;33:552–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Tiwari P, Deo M. Compositional and kinetic analysis of oil shale pyrolysis using TGA–MS. Fuel. 2012;94(1):333–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang W, Li SY, Yue CT, Ma Y. Multistep pyrolysis kinetics of North Korean oil shale. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;119:643–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Williams PT, Ahmad N. Investigation of oil-shale pyrolysis processing conditions using thermo gravimetric analysis. Appl Energy. 2000;66(2):113–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Li SY, Yue CT. Study of pyrolysis kinetics of oil shale. Fuel. 2003;82:337–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu QQ, Han XX, Li QY, Huang YR, Jian XM. TG–DSC analysis of pyrolysis process of two Chinese oil shales. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;116:511–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Al-Ayed OS, Matouq M, Anbar Z, Khaleela AM, Abu-Nameh E. Oil shale pyrolysis kinetics and variable activation energy principle. Appl Energy. 2010;87(4):1269–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Johannes I, Kruusement K, Veski R. Evaluation of oil potential and pyrolysis kinetics of renewable fuel and shale samples by Rock-Eval analyzer. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 2007;79(1–2):183–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang S, Liu JX, Jiang XM, Han XX, Tong JH. Effect of heating rate on products yield and characteristics of non-condensable gases and shale oil obtained by retorting Dachengzi oil shale. Oil Shale. 2013;30(1):27–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang S, Jiang XM, Han XX, Tong JH. Effect of residence time on products yield and characteristics of shale oil and gases products by low-temperature retorting of Dachengzi oil shale. Oil Shale. 2013;30(1):27–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang S, Jiang XM, Han XX, Tong JH. Effect of retorting temperature on product yield and characteristics of non-condensable gases and shale oil obtained by retorting Huadian oil shales. Fuel Process Technol. 2014;121:9–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jeong GN, Cheol HI, Soo HC. Effect of oil shale retorting temperature on shale oil yield and properties. Fuel. 2012;95(1):131–5.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Dung NV. Factors affecting product yields and oil quality during retorting of Stuart oil shale with recycled shale: a screening study. Fuel. 1995;74(4):623–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jaber JO, Probert SD. Non-isothermal thermogravimetry and decomposition kinetics of two Jordanian oil shales under different processing conditions. Fuel Process Technol. 2000;63(1):57–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yue CT, Liu Y, Ma Y, Li SY, He JL, Qiu DK. Influence of retorting conditions on the pyrolysis of Yaojie oil shale. Oil Shale. 2014;31(1):66–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Nazzal JM. Influence of heating rate on the pyrolysis of Jordan oil shale. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 2002;62(2):225–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Campbell JH, Koskinas GJ, Gallegos G, Gregg M. Gas evolution during oil shale pyrolysis. 1. Nonisothermal rate measurements. Fuel. 1980;59(10):718–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Campbell JH, Gallegos G, Gregg M. Gas evolution during oil shale pyrolysis. 2. Kinetic and stoichiometric analysis. Fuel. 1980;59(10):727–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Al-Ayed OS, Al-Harahsheh A, Khaleel AM. Oil shale pyrolysis in fixed-bed retort with different heating rates. Oil Shale. 2009;26(2):139–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Al-Harahsheh A, Al-Ayed O, Al-Harahsheh M, Abu-El-Halawah R. Heating rate effect on fractional yield and composition of oil retorted from El-lajjun oil shale. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 2010;89(2):239–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Degirmenci L, Durusoy T. Effect of heating rate and particle size on the pyrolysis of Gönyük oil shale. Energy Sources. 2005;27(9):787–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Khalil AM. Oli shale pyrolysis and effect of particle size on the composition of shale oil. Oil Shale. 2013;30(2):136–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jamal MN. The influence of grain size on the products yield and shale oil composition from the pyrolysis of Sultani oil shale. Energy Convers Manag. 2008;49:3278–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Nasir A, Paul TW. Influence of particle grain size on the yield and composition of products from the pyrolysis of oil shales. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 1998;46(1):31–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Williams P, Nazzal J. Pyrolysis of oil shales: influence of particle grain size on polycyclic aromatic compounds in the derived shale oil. J Inst Energy. 1999;72(491):48–55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Carter SD, Citiroglu M, Gallacher J, Snape CE, Mitchell S, Lafferty CJ. Secondary coking and cracking of shale oil vapors from pyrolysis or hydropyrolysis of a Kentucky Cleveland oil shale in a two-stage reactor. Fuel. 1994;73(9):1455–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Fainberg V, Garbar A, Hetsroni G. Secondary pyrolysis of the products of the thermal destruction of high-sulfur oil shale. Energy Fuel. 1997;11(4):915–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lai DG, Chen ZH, Lin LX, Zhang YM, Gao SQ, Xu GW. Secondary cracking and upgrading of shale oil from pyrolyzing oil shale over shale ash. Energy Fuel. 2015;29(4):2219–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Han XX, Jiang XM, Cui ZG. Studies of the effect of retorting factors on the yield of shale oil for a new comprehensive utilization technology of oil shale. Appl Energy. 2009;86(11):2381–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Dung VN. Yields and chemical characteristics of products from fluidized bed steam retorting of Condor and Stuart oil shales: effect of pyrolysis temperature. Fuel. 1990;69(3):368–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Burnham AK, Ward RL. A possible mechanism of alkene/alkane produc-tion in oil shale retorting. ACS Div Fuel Chem. 1980;25:82–8.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Raley JH. Monitoring oil shale retorts by off-gas alkenealkane ratios. Fuel. 1980;59(6):419–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Williams PT, Nazzal JM. Polycyclic aromatic compounds in oils derived from the fluidised bed pyrolysis of oil shale. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 1995;35(2):181–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Williams PT, Nazzal JM. Polycyclic aromatic compounds in shale oils: influence of process conditions. Environ Technol. 1998;19(8):775–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Burnham AK. Chemistry of shale oil cracking. American Chemical Society Symposium Series. 1981;163(Chap. 4):39–60.

  39. Li SY, Qian JL, Qin KZ, Zhu YJ. Study of the kinetics of oil shale pyrolysis with bitumen as an intermediate product. Fuel Chem Technol. 1987;15(2):118–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Williams P. Thermogravimetry and decomposition kinetics of British Kimmeridge Clay oil shale. Fuel. 1985;64(4):540–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Sonoyama N, Nobuta K, Kimura T, Hosokai S, Hayashi J, Tago T, Masuda T. Production of chemicals by cracking pyrolytic tar from Loy Yang coal over iron oxide catalysts in a steam atmosphere. Fuel Process Technol. 2011;92(4SI):771–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 programs, No. 2014CB744302), Taishan Scholar Constructive Engineering Foundation of Shandong province, China (No. ts20120518), and talents start scientific research funds of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (No. 2462015YJRC002). We are grateful to Prof. Q. Shi from China University of Petroleum, Beijing, for GC–MS analysis support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China

    Wei Wang, Yue Ma, Shuyuan Li, Changtao Yue & Jianxun Wu

  2. Shandong Energy Longkou Ming Group Co.Ltd, Shandong, 2657000, China

    Jinsheng Teng

Authors
  1. Wei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yue Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shuyuan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Changtao Yue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jianxun Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jinsheng Teng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shuyuan Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, W., Ma, Y., Li, S. et al. Pyrolysis characteristics of Longkou oil shale under optimized condition. J Therm Anal Calorim 125, 983–990 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5452-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5452-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation