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Thermal runaway hazard studies for ABVN mixed with acids or alkalines by DSC, TAM III, and VSP2

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Abstract

Azo compounds (azos) are radical polymerization initiators due to an azo group in the molecule. The molecular structure of the bivalent–N–N–composition is a weak bond which can release a significant amount of heat and toxic gas via thermal decomposition under high ambient temperature. This sequence on sensibility study aimed at the thermal hazard evaluation for the reactive and incompatible characteristics of azo compounds mixed with acid or alkaline solutions. To realize the thermal stability of azobis dimethylvaleronitrile (ABVN) during the process, transportation, and storage, we used differential scanning calorimetry and thermal activity monitor III to analyze the inherent safety properties and potential hazards. Isothermal and non-isothermal scanning tests were performed to compare the exothermic behaviors in a thermal decomposition process. Moreover, the thermal reactivity properties obtained via vent sizing package 2 were applied for evaluation, and the effects of thermal runaway reactions hazard were compared for ABVN with incompatibilities under the adiabatic conditions. These results are critically important in reactor design for producing and using azos to improve feeding safety, especially under thermal upsets.

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Abbreviations

A :

Pre-exponential factor

(dT dt −1)max :

Maximum self-heating rate (°C min−1)

(dP dt −1)max :

Maximum self-pressure rise rate (psig min−1)

E a :

Apparent activation energy (kJ mol−1)

∆H d :

Heat of decomposition (J g−1)

∆H f :

Heat of fusion (J g−1)

k :

Reaction rate constant (min−1)

k isoi :

Reaction rate constant under isothermal condition (min−1, i = 1, 2)

P max :

Maximum pressure (psig)

Q max :

Maximum peak power at time (W g−1)

R :

Ideal gas law constant (8.31415 J K−1 mol−1)

T 0 :

Onset temperature (°C)

T :

Absolute temperature (K)

T p :

Peak temperature (°C)

T max :

Maximum temperature (°C)

T m :

Melting temperature (°C)

TMR iso :

Time to maximum rate under isothermal conditions (h)

TMR ad :

Time to maximum rate under adiabatic condition (h)

β:

Heating rate (°C min−1)

T NR :

Temperature of no return (°C)

W p :

Peak power (W g−1)

α:

Conversion rate (%)

R 2 :

Correlation coefficient (dimensionless)

Ø:

Thermal inertia (dimensionless)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunline University of Science and Technology (YunTech), 123, University Rd., Sec. 3, Douliou, 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC

    Shang-Hao Liu & Ying-Cyuan Chen

  2. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, 1, Jen-Teh Rd., Houlong, 35665, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC

    Hung-Yi Hou

Authors
  1. Shang-Hao Liu
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  2. Ying-Cyuan Chen
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Correspondence to Hung-Yi Hou.

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Liu, SH., Chen, YC. & Hou, HY. Thermal runaway hazard studies for ABVN mixed with acids or alkalines by DSC, TAM III, and VSP2. J Therm Anal Calorim 122, 1107–1116 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4789-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4789-4

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