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Utilization of DSC, NIR, and NMR for wax appearance temperature and chemical additive performance characterization

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Abstract

Wax crystallization processes are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, near-infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The performance of a chemical additive is assessed using calorimetry and NMR. Heat flows of model waxy oils are obtained using differential scanning calorimetry, providing the wax appearance temperature and crystallization profiles. The effect of cooling rate, wax content, asphaltene, and chemical additive on the wax appearance temperature is investigated. The wax appearance temperature increases with increasing wax contents. The wax appearance temperature decreases in the presence of chemical additive, effectively increasing the instantaneous supersaturation. Furthermore, near-infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are utilized to determine wax appearance temperature. The NMR experiments quantify liquid and solid fractions at thermal equilibrium conditions, effectively circumventing the need for dynamic thermal techniques.

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Abbreviations

h :

Planck’s constant 6.626 × 10−34 (m2 kg s−1)

D:

Diffusion coefficient (m2 s)

E :

Energy level (m2 kg s−2)

H o :

External magnetic field strength (A m−1)

I :

Spin (dimensionless)

I o :

Integration constant (A m−1)

M :

Magnetization (A m−1)

M +0 :

Integration constant (A m−1)

T :

Characteristic relaxation time (s)

γ :

Magnetogyric ratio (A s kg−1)

v :

Velocity (m s−1)

ω :

Frequency (s−1)

▽:

Del operator

x, y, z :

Cartesian coordinates

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Author notes

  1. Yansong Zhao

    Present address: Energy and Climate Group, Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Yansong Zhao, Kristofer Paso, Jens Norrman, Hassan Ali & Johan Sjöblom

  2. Anvendt Teknologi AS, 7022, Trondheim, Norway

    Geir Sørland

Authors
  1. Yansong Zhao
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  2. Kristofer Paso
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  3. Jens Norrman
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  4. Hassan Ali
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  5. Geir Sørland
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  6. Johan Sjöblom
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kristofer Paso.

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Zhao, Y., Paso, K., Norrman, J. et al. Utilization of DSC, NIR, and NMR for wax appearance temperature and chemical additive performance characterization. J Therm Anal Calorim 120, 1427–1433 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4451-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4451-1

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