Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Low-temperature preparation of belite from lime sludge and nanosilica through solid-state reaction

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Belite or β-dicalcium silicate (β-C2S, Ca2SiO4), one of the main compounds in Portland cement clinker, is conventionally produced by sintering beyond the temperature of 1,200 °C using limestone and quartz. This study is aimed to synthesis belite from lime sludge, a residual solid waste from paper and pulp industry, with nanosilica at relatively low temperature through solid-state reaction. The precursors and synthesized final products are characterized using TG–MS–DTA, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM/EDAX and BET analysis. It is observed that the thermal process toward the formation of belite of mechanically activated dissimilar-sized precursors reduced the sintering temperature of the reaction significantly and belite is obtained without the use of any chemical stabilizers and calcination of lime sludge.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Raquel VV, Moisés F, María ISR, Iñigo V, Rosario G. Mineralogical and morphological changes of calcined paper sludge at different temperatures and retention in furnace. Appl Clay Sci. 2007;36:279–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Da Maria DG, Joana SC. Grits and dregs for cement replacement—preliminary studies. International conference on non-conventional materials and technologies (NOCMAT 2009), Bath 2009. p. 1–8.

  3. Dong O, Weiting X, Tommy YL, Janet FCS. Increasing mortar strength with the use of activated kaolin by-products from paper industry. Constr Build Mater. 2011;25:1537–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Maheswaran S, Ramesh KV, Bhuvaneshwari B, Palani GS, Nagesh RI. Studies on lime sludge for partial replacement of cement. Appl Mech Mater. 2011;71–78:1015–9. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.71-78.1015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Rodríguez O, Frías M, de Rojas MIS. Influence of the calcined paper sludge on the development of hydration heat in blended cement mortars. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;92:865–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Morsy MS, Al-Salloum Y, Almusallam T, Abbas H. Effect of nano-metakaolin addition on the hydration characteristics of fly ash blended cement mortar. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2013;. doi:10.1007/s10973-013-3512-6.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Smith DK, Majumdar AJ, Ordway F. Re-examination of the polymorphism of dicalcium silicate. J Am Ceram Soc. 1961;44:405–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. El-Didamony H, Khalil K, Ahmed TA, Heikal M. Preparation of β-dicalcium silicate (β-C2S) and calcium sulfoaluminate (C3A3CS) phases using non-traditional nano-materials. Constr Build Mater. 2012;35:77–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Guerrero A, Goñi S, Campillo I, Moragues A. Belite cement clinker from coal fly ash of high Ca content- optimization of synthesis parameters. Environ Sci Technol. 2004;38:3209–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Singh NB. Hydrothermal synthesis of β-dicalcium silicate (β-Ca2SiO4). Prog Cryst Growth Charact. 2006;52:77–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Pimraksa K, Hanjitsuwan S, Chindaprasirt P. Synthesis of belite cement from lignite fly ash. Ceram Int. 2009;35:2415–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tevulová N, Bálintová M, Bbrianèin J, Széghyová Z. Mechnochemical synthesis of belite cements from coal fly ash/Portlandite mixture. Chem Sustain Dev. 2007;15:225–9.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Rodrigues FA. Low-temperature synthesis of cements from rice hull ash. Cem Concr Res. 2003;33:1525–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nettleship I, Shull JL Jr, Kriven WM. Chemical preparation and phase stability of Ca2SiO4 and Sr2SiO4 powders. J Eur Ceram Soc. 1993;11:291–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chrysa R, Perraki T, Kakali G. Sol–gel preparation of 2CaO·SiO2. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2007;27:1707–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Goñi S, Guerrero A. Study of alkaline hydrothermal activation of belite cements by thermal analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;99:471–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Meiszterics A, Rosta L, Peterlik H, Rohonczy J, Kubuki S, Henits P, Sinkó K. Structural characterization of gel-derived calcium silicate systems. J Phys Chem A. 2010;114:10403–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Fernández-Carrasco L, Torrens-Martín D, Morales LM, Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez. Infrared spectroscopy in the analysis of building and construction materials. In: Theophanides T editors. Infrared spectroscopy—materials science, engineering and technology. 2012. ISBN: 978-953-51-0537-4, InTech. doi: 10.5772/36186.

  19. Mollah MYA, Yu W, Schennach R, Cocke DL. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic investigation of the early hydration of Portland cement and the influence of sodium lignosulfonate. Cem Concr Res. 2000;30:267–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kurdowski W, Duszak S, Trybalska B. Belite produced by means of low temperature synthesis. Cem Concr Res. 1997;27:51–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Whitfield PS, Mitchell LD. Quantitative rietveld analysis of the amorphous content in cements and clinkers. J Mater Sci. 2003;38:4415–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Jost KH, Ziemer B, Seydel R. Redetermination of the structure of β-dicalcium silicate. Acta Cryst B. 1977;33:1696–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mumme WG, Hill RJ, Bushnell-Wye G, Segnit ER. Rietveld structure refinement, crystal chemistry and calculated powder diffraction data for the polymorphs of dicalcium silicate and related phases. Neues Jahrb Mineral Abh. 1995;169:35–68.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Toraya H, Yamazaki S. Simulated annealing structure solution of a new phase of dicalcium silicate Ca2SiO4 and the mechanism of structural changes from α-dicalcium silicate hydrate to αL′-dicalcium silicate via the new phase. Acta Cryst B. 2002;58:613–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The scientists and staff members of CSMG of CSIR-SERC are greatly acknowledged for the useful discussions and suggestions provided during the course of the investigations. This paper is being published with the kind permission of the Director, CSIR-SERC, Chennai, India.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR – Structural Engineering Research Centre, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India

    S. Maheswaran, S. Arunbalaji, G. S. Palani & Nagesh R. Iyer

  2. Department of Applied Science and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India

    S. Kalaiselvam

Authors
  1. S. Maheswaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Kalaiselvam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Arunbalaji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. S. Palani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nagesh R. Iyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Maheswaran.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Maheswaran, S., Kalaiselvam, S., Arunbalaji, S. et al. Low-temperature preparation of belite from lime sludge and nanosilica through solid-state reaction. J Therm Anal Calorim 119, 1845–1852 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-4371-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-4371-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation