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Comparison of thermal curing behavior of liquid and solid urea–formaldehyde resins with different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios

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Abstract

This study was undertaken to compare thermal cure kinetics of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins, in both liquid and solid forms as a function of formaldehyde/urea (F/U) mole ratio, using multi-heating rate methods of differential scanning calorimetry. The requirement of peak temperature (T p), heat of reaction (ΔH) and activation energy (E) for the cure of four F/U mole ratio UF resins (1.6, 1.4, 1.2 and 1.0) was investigated. Both types of UF resins showed a single T p, which ranged from 75 to 118 °C for liquid resins, and from 240 to 275 °C for solid resins. As the F/U mole ratio decreased, T p values increased for both liquid and solid resins. ΔH values of solid resins were much greater than those of liquid resins, indicating a greater energy requirement for the cure of solid resins. The ΔH value of liquid UF resins increased with decreasing in F/U mole ratio whereas it was opposite for solid resins, with much variation. The activation energy (E a) values calculated by Kissinger method were greater for solid UF resins than for liquid resins. The activation energy (E α ) values calculated by isoconversional method which showed that UF resins in liquid or solid state at F/U mole ratio of 1.6 followed a multi-step reaction in their cure kinetics. These results demonstrated that thermal curing behavior of solid UF resin differed greatly from that of liquid resins, because of a greater branched network structure in the former.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0022112).This work was also supported by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Wood Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea

    Arif Nuryawan, Byung-Dae Park & Adya P. Singh

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  1. Arif Nuryawan
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  2. Byung-Dae Park
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  3. Adya P. Singh
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Correspondence to Byung-Dae Park.

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Nuryawan, A., Park, BD. & Singh, A.P. Comparison of thermal curing behavior of liquid and solid urea–formaldehyde resins with different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios. J Therm Anal Calorim 118, 397–404 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-3946-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-3946-5

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