Abstract
Differential thermal analysis (DTA) has been employed to investigate the effect of Ge addition on the glass transition behavior and crystallization kinetics of Sb10Se90−xGex (x = 0, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27) alloys. The three characteristic temperatures viz. glass transition (T g), crystallization (T c), and melting (T m) have been determined and found to vary with the heating rates and Ge content. Thermal stability and glass forming tendency have been evaluated in terms of ΔT (= T c − T g) and reduced glass transition temperature. The activation energies for glass transition and crystallization have been used to analyze the nucleation and growth process. The activation energy analysis also determines the suitability of alloys to be used in switching applications. Results have been interpreted in terms of bond energies and structural transformations in the investigated alloys.
References
Wakkad MM, Shokr EK, Abd El Ghani HA, Awad MA. Structural and kinetic evaluation of Sn-Sb-Se alloys. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2007;40:7572–8.
Fritzsche H. Why are chalcogenide glasses the materials of choice for ovonic switching devices? J Phys Chem Solids. 2007;68:878–82.
Mott NF. Electronic processes in non-crystalline materials. London: Clarendon; 1979.
Zhimei S, Zhou J, Blomqvist A, Johansson B, Ahuja R. Fast crystallization of chalcogenide glass for rewritable memories. Appl Phys Lett. 2008;93:061913.
Chatterjee R, Asokan S, Titus SSK. Current controlled negative-resistance behavior and memory switching in bulk As–Se–Te glasses. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 1994;27:2624–7.
Kasap SO, Aiyah V, Yannacopoulos S. Thermal and mechanical properties of amorphous selenium films in the glass transformation region. J Phys D Appl Phys. 1989;23:553–61.
Sharma P, Sharma I, Katyal SC. Physical and optical properties of binary amorphous selenium-antimony thin films. J Appl Phys. 2009;105:053509.
Khushwaha N, Singh S, Shukla RK, Kumar A. Effect of Sb impurity on the photoelectrical properties of a-Se. J Alloys Compd. 2008;456:46–50.
Tonchev D, Kasap SO. Thermal properties of SbxSe90−x glasses studied by modulated temperature differential scanning Calorimetry. J Non-Cryst Solids. 1999;248:28–36.
Sharda S, Sharma N, Sharma P, Sharma V. Physical analysis of structural transformation in Ge-incorporated a-Sb10Se90 system. Defects and Diffusion Forum. 2011;319–317:45–53.
Sharda S, Sharma N, Sharma P, Sharma V. Band gap and dispersive behavior of Ge alloyed a-SbSe thin films using single transmission spectrum. Mater Chem Phys. 2012;134:158–62.
Sharda S, Sharma N, Sharma P, Sharma V. Finger prints of chemical bonds in Sb–Se–Ge and Sb–Se–Ge–In glasses: a far-IR study. J Non-Cryst Solids. 2013;362:136–9.
Kumar R, Sharma P, Barman PB, Sharma V, Katyal SC, Rangra VS. Thermal stability and crystallization kinetics of SeTeSn alloys using differential scanning calorimetry. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2011;. doi:10.1007/s10973-011-2062-z.
Kaur G, Komatsu T, Thangaraj R. Crystallization kinetics of bulk amorphous Se–Te–Sn system. J Mater Sci. 2000;35:903–6.
Turnbull D. Under what conditions can a glass be formed? Contemp Phys. 1969;10:473–88.
Abd Elnaeim AM, Aly KA, Afify N, Abousehlly AM. Glass transition and crystallization kinetics of Inx(Se0.75Te0.25)100−x chalcogenide glasses. J Alloy Compd. 2010;491:85–91.
Moynihan CT, Easteal AJ, Wilder J, Tucker J. Dependence of glass transition temperature on heating and cooling rate. J Phys Chem. 1974;78:2673–7.
Kissinger HE. Variation of peak temperature with heating rate in differential thermal analysis. J Res Bur Stand. 1956;57:217–21.
Al-Ghamdi AA, Alvi MA, Khan SA. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetic study on Ga15Se85−xAgx chalcogenide glasses by using differential scanning calorimetry. J Alloy Compd. 2011;509:2087–93.
Mahadevan S, Giridhar A, Singh AK. Calorimetric measurements on As–Sb–Se glasses. J Non-Cryst Solids. 1986;88:11–34.
Augis JA, Benett JE. Calculation of the Avrami parameters for heterogeneous solid state reactions using a modification of the Kissinger method. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1978;13:283–92.
Pauling L. The nature of chemical bond, Cornell University; New York: 1976.
Bicerano J, Ovshinsky SR. Chemical bond approach to glass structure. J Non-Cryst Solids. 1985;75:169–76.
Shaaban ER, Kansal I, Shapaan M, Ferreira JMF. Thermal stability and crystallization kinetics of ternary Se–Te–Sb semiconducting glassy alloys. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;98:347–54.
Kotkata MF, Mansour SA. Crystallization process analysis for Se0.95In0.05 and Se0.90In0.10 chalcogenide glasses using the contemporary isoconversional models. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2011;103:957–65.
Svoboda R, Malek J. Extended study of crystallization kinetics for Se-Te glasses. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2013;111:161–71.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun for providing EDAX facility.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharda, S., Sharma, N., Sharma, P. et al. Glass transition and crystallization kinetics analysis of Sb–Se–Ge chalcogenide glasses. J Therm Anal Calorim 115, 361–366 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-013-3200-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-013-3200-6