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Hierarchically organized silica monoliths: influence of different acids on macro- and mesoporous formation

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Abstract

The influence of different acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid and acetic acid on the polymerization-induced phase separation process in the formation of hierarchically organized silica monoliths was investigated in detail. Special emphasis is given to systems synthesized from tetrakis(2-hydroxyethoxy)silane (EGMS) or tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) as the silica source in the presence of Pluronic® P123 serving as structure-directing agent. The obtained silica monoliths exhibited a co-continuous and cellular macroporous structure comprising 2D hexagonally arranged mesopores with high specific surface areas ranging from 320–787 m2 g−1 independent of the applied silane precursor and regardless whether hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid was used. A drastic change in macropore morphology to closed pores or particulate structures was observed for nitric, bromic as well as acetic acid. For sulfuric and nitric acid, the influence on the mesostructure was not as pronounced and 2D hexagonally arranged mesopores were obtained. With bromic and acetic acid a loss in mesopore ordering has been observed. Best developed hierarchically organized networks with respect to a co-continuous, cellular macroporous network, specific surface area and 2D hexagonally arranged mesopores were obtained for EGMS as well as for TMOS with P123 in sulfuric acid.

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Acknowledgments

S. F. and N. H. acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Proj. No. HU 1427/5-1) for financial support. J. A. and H. P. acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Proj. No. PE 1732/1-2) and the Austrian Science Fonds FWF (Proj. No. I449) for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Chemistry, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria

    Sylvia Flaig & Nicola Hüsing

  2. Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Johanna Akbarzadeh & Herwig Peterlik

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  1. Sylvia Flaig
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  2. Johanna Akbarzadeh
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  3. Herwig Peterlik
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  4. Nicola Hüsing
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Correspondence to Nicola Hüsing.

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Flaig, S., Akbarzadeh, J., Peterlik, H. et al. Hierarchically organized silica monoliths: influence of different acids on macro- and mesoporous formation. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 73, 103–111 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3500-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3500-8

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