Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sol–gel preparation of TiO2 and MgF2 multilayers

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

TiO2 and MgF2 thin films were prepared by sol–gel processing. Their microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and ellipsometric porosimetry as a function of the number of coating-firing cycles with different single layer thicknesses. TiO2/MgF2 multilayers were processed in different stacking sequences; the nucleation of the subsequent material was correlated to the underlying crystal structure and the respective film morphology. It was found that dense crystalline MgF2 films on glass can be manufactured by homoepitaxial growth of multiple thin layers. On an underlying TiO2 layer the effect of densification and crystallization is increased. In the reverse film order no such effect could be observed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Schottner G (2001) Hybrid sol-gel-derived polymers: applications of multifunctional materials. Chem Mater 13:3422–3435

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Glaubitt W, Löbmann P (2012) Antireflective coatings prepared by sol–gel processing: Principles and applications. J Eur Ceram Soc (in print)

  3. Glaubitt W, Löbmann P (2011) Anti-soiling effect of porous SiO2 coatings prepared by sol-gel processing. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 59:239–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Paz Y, Heller A (1997) Photo-oxidatively self-cleaning transparent titanium dioxide films on soda lime glass: the deleterious effect of sodium contamination and its prevention. J Mater Res 12(10):2759–2766

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kim D, Iyoda T, Hashimoto K, Fujishima A (1998) Activity and hardness of supported Tio2 films on pyrex and soda-lime glass in photocatalytic degradation of formic acid for 50 days. J Adv Oxid Technol 3(2):134–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Schuler T, Aegerter M (1999) Optical, electrical and structural properties of sol gel ZnO: al coatings. Thin Solid Films 351:125–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang C, Meinhardt J, Löbmann P (2010) Growth mechanism of Nb-doped TiO2 sol-gel multilayer films characterized by SEM and focus/defocus TEM. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 53:148–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bittner A, Schmitt A, Jahn R, Löbmann P (2012) Characterization of stacked sol–gel films: comparison of results derived from scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy and ellipsometric porosimetry. Thin Solid Films 520:1880–1884

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Löbmann P, Röhlen P (2003) Industrial Processing of TiO2 thin films from soluble precursor powders. J Glass Sci Technol 76:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  10. Krüger H, Kemnitz E, Hertwig A, Beck U (2008) Transparent MgF2-films by sol-gel coating: synthesis and optical properties. Thin Solid Films 516:4175–4177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jellison GE Jr, Modine FA (1996) Parametrization of the optical functions of amorphous material in the interband region. App Phys Let 69:371–373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Scriven LE (1988) Physics and applications of dip coating and spin coating. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 121:717–729

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Christina Claes and Manfred Römer for performing the SEM measurements and some coating experiments. The supply of MgF2 coating solutions by Professor E. Kemnitz, Humboldt University, Berlin is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lehrstuhl für chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany

    Jan Hegmann

  2. Fraunhofer-Institut für Silicatforschung, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany

    Peer Löbmann

Authors
  1. Jan Hegmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peer Löbmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peer Löbmann.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hegmann, J., Löbmann, P. Sol–gel preparation of TiO2 and MgF2 multilayers. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 67, 436–441 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-013-3096-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-013-3096-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation