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Characterization of TiO2 powders and thin films prepared by non-aqueous sol–gel techniques

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Abstract

Stable TiO2 sols were prepared using two non-aqueous sol–gel processes with titanium n-butoxide and titanium isopropoxide, respectively. Crystallization and phase transitions of powders and thin films were studied by ex situ and in situ X-ray diffraction. For both methods, TiO2 began to crystallize around 320 °C in air. Using helium instead of air during heat treatment slowed down the crystallization and substoichiometric powders were formed. TiO2 thin films were obtained by spin coating. The morphology of the films was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The films were homogeneous and transparent in the visible range. The effect of the heating atmosphere and the type of substrate was investigated.

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors (PFS) is a post-doctoral research fellow of FWO-Vlaanderen. This research was carried out under the Interuniversity attraction poles programme IAP/VI-17 (INANOMAT) financed by the Belgian State, Federal science policy office. We gratefully acknowledge Els Bruneel for help with recording of the TGA–DTA data and also Werner Knaepen for in situ XRD measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium

    Nursen Avci, Philippe F. Smet, Hilde Poelman & Dirk Poelman

  2. Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Ghent, 9000, Belgium

    Nigel Van de Velde, Klaartje De Buysser & Isabel Van Driessche

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  1. Nursen Avci
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  2. Philippe F. Smet
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Correspondence to Nursen Avci.

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Avci, N., Smet, P.F., Poelman, H. et al. Characterization of TiO2 powders and thin films prepared by non-aqueous sol–gel techniques. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 52, 424–431 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-009-2028-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-009-2028-9

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