Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A study on solidification of CaCO3 powder containing C-14 by using a low melting glass material

  • Published:
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

CaCO3 powder containing C-14, which has a long half-life, is generated from the treatment process of spent activated carbons from the air cleaning system in a nuclear facility, can be decomposed into CaO and CO2 gas at a temperature above 600 °C. This CaCO3 must be fabricated into a stable waste form for final disposal at a temperature below 600 °C. In this study, tests on the solidification of CaCO3 into a waste form were conducted using a bismuth oxide glass with a low melting point. The CaCO3 was solidified into a homogeneous glass–ceramic waste form with a waste loading of 40 wt% at 460 °C without CaCO3 decomposition. This waste form had high values of density (3.15 g/cm3) and compressive strength (42.09 MPa), and it was confirmed through leaching tests (ANS 16.1, PCT) that the waste form also had a high chemical durability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. So J, Cho H (2017) Thermal characteristics of spent activated carbon generated from air cleaning units in Korean nuclear power plants. Nucl Eng Technol 49:873–880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Eun H, Yang H, Kim H, Kim S, Lee K, Seo B (2021) A study on immobilization of 14CO2 using inorganic materials. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 328:627–635

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Song K, Park G, Cho K, Lee Y, Choi K, Kim H, Chung K, Kim K, Kim I, Chung J (2008) Development of the process for decontaminating 14C & 3H in the waste activated carbon from air cleaning system. KAERI, KAERI/CR-316/2008

  4. Montes-Hernandez G, Pérez-López R, Renard F, Nieto JM, Charlet L (2009) Mineral sequestration of CO2 by aqueous carbonation of coal combustion fly ash. J Hazard Mater 161:1347–1354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Murakami FS, Rodrigues PO, de Campos CMT, Silva MAS (2007) Physicochemical study of CaCO3 from egg shells. Food Sci Technol 27(3):658–662

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Li X, Iv Y, Ma B, Jian S (2017) Decomposition kinetic characteristics of calcium carbonate containing organic acids by TGA. Arab J Chem 10:S2534–S2538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cheeseman CR, Asavapisit S, Knight J (1998) Effect of uniaxially pressing ordinary Portland cement pastes containing metal hydroxides on porosity, density, and leaching. Cement Conc Res 28(11):1639–1653

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Eun H, Chang NO, Kim SB, Seo BK (2021) Feasibility study on immobilization of radioactive cobalt and BaSO4 waste powder using low-temperature sintering. Water Air Soil Pollut 232(333):1–11

    Google Scholar 

  9. Measurement of the leachability of solidified low-level radioactive wastes by a short-term test procedure. ANS 2019 ANSI/ANS-16.1-2019

  10. Standard test methods for determining chemical durability of nuclear hazardous and mixed waste glasses and multiphase glass ceramics: the product consistency tests (PCT). ASTM 2008 C12855-02

  11. Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, C39M-18 (2018)

  12. Crum JC, Turo L, Riley B, Tang M, Kossy A (2012) Multi-phase glass-ceramic as a waste form for combined fission products: Alkali, alkaline earths, lanthanides, and transition metals. J Am Ceram Soc 95(4):1297–1303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen M, Juuti J, His C, Chia C, Jantunen H (2015) Dielectric properties of ultra-low sintering temperature Al2O3-BBSZ glass composite. J Am Ceram Soc 98(4):1133–1136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Khan H, Yerramilli AS, D’Oliveira A, Alford TL, Boffito DC, Patience GS (2020) Experimental methods in chemical engineering: X-ray diffraction spectroscopy-XRD. Can J Chem Eng 98(6):1255–1266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ahn J, Kim W, Um W (2019) Development of metakaolin-based geopolymer for solidification of sulfate-rich HyBRID sludge waste. J Nucl Mater 518:247–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jantzen CM, Bibler NE, Beam DC, Crawford CL, Picket MA (1993) Westinghouse Savannah River Co. Aiken SC WSRC-TR-92-346

  17. Teng Y, Wang S, Huang Y, Zhang K (2014) Low-temperature reactive hot-pressing of cerium-doped titanate composite ceramics and their aqueous stability. J Eur Ceram Soc 34:985–990

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Vienna JD, Crum JV (2018) Non-linear effects of alumina concentration on Product Consistency Test response of waste glasses. J Nucl Mater 511:396–405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mattigod SV, Lindberg MJ, Westsik Jr JH, Parker KE, Chung CW (2011) Waste acceptance testing of secondary waste forms: cast stone. Ceramicrete and DuraLith USDOE PNNL-20632

  20. Sung SH, Jeong EY, Kim KH (2008) Radwaste characteristics and disposal facility waste acceptance criteria. J Nucl Fuel Cycle Technol 6(4):347–356

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their appreciation for the support provided by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), which is funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) of the Republic of Korea (NRF- 2017M2A8A5015147).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea

    Hee-Chul Eun, Hee-Chul Yang, Hyung-Ju Kim, Min-Ku Jeon, Keun-Young Lee & Bum-Kyoung Seo

  2. Quantum Energy Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea

    Hee-Chul Eun & Min-Ku Jeon

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Sung-Jun Kim

Authors
  1. Hee-Chul Eun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hee-Chul Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hyung-Ju Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sung-Jun Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Min-Ku Jeon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Keun-Young Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Bum-Kyoung Seo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hee-Chul Eun.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Eun, HC., Yang, HC., Kim, HJ. et al. A study on solidification of CaCO3 powder containing C-14 by using a low melting glass material. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 331, 3735–3744 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-022-08393-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-022-08393-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation