Skip to main content
Log in

Effect of dose rate on degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol by electron beam irradiation

  • Published:
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of different dose rates on the degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) in aqueous solution were investigated at about 2 × 104 Gy absorbed dose, using a 10 MeV electron beam accelerator. It was found that the removal efficiency decreased with increasing dose rate at all initial concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 g L−1, and the effect was significantly diminished by addition of P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. Alkaline medium were unfavorable for degradation of 2,6-DCP. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could promote the removal efficiency at a lower dose rate rather than at a higher one.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Eker S, Kargi F (2006) Impacts of COD and DCP loading rates on biological treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) containing wastewater in a perforated tubes biofilm reactor. Chemosphere 64(9):1609–1617

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Akhtar S, Husain Q (2006) Potential applications of immobilized bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase in the removal of phenols from polluted water. Chemosphere 65(7):1228–1235

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Polcaro AM, Vacca A, Mascia M, Palmas S (2007) Electrokinetic removal of 2,6-dichlorophenol and diuron from kaolinite and humic acid-clay system. J Hazard Mater 148(3):505–512

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Tamer E, Hamid Z, Aly AM, Ossama ET, Bo M, Benoit G (2006) Sequential UV–biological degradation of chlorophenols. Chemosphere 63(2):277–284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Pan J, Yao H, Guan W, Hongxiang O, Huo P, Wang X, Zou X, Li C (2011) Selective adsorption of 2,6-dichlorophenol by surface imprinted polymers using polyaniline/silica gel composites as functional support: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics modeling. Chem Eng J 172(2-3):847–855

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Steinle P, Stucki G, Stettler R, Hanselmann KW (1998) Aerobic mineralization of 2,6-dichlorophenol by Ralstonia sp Strain RK1. Appl Environ Microbiol 64(7):2566–2571

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Kubesch K, Zona R, Solar S, Gehringer P (2005) Degradation of catechol by ionizing radiation, ozone and the combined process ozone-electron-beam. Radiat Phys Chem 72(4):447–453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Trojanowicz M, Bartosiewicz I, Bojanowska-Czajka A, Kulisa K, Szreder T, Bobrowski K, Nichipor H, Garcia-Reyes JF, Nałęcz-Jawecki G, Męczyńska-Wielgosz S, Kisała J (2019) Application of ionizing radiation in decomposition of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in waters. Chem Eng J 357:698–714

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Vahdat A, Bahrami SH, Arami M, Motahari A (2010) Decomposition and decoloration of a direct dye by electron beam radiation. Radiat Phys Chem 79(1):33–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Shah NS, Khan JA, Nawaz S, Khan HM (2014) Role of aqueous electron and hydroxyl radical in the removal of endosulfan from aqueous solution using gamma irradiation. J Hazard Mater 278:40–48

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gehringer P, Eschweiler H (2002) The dose rate effect with radiation processing of water—an interpretative approach. Radiat Phys Chem 65(4):379–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Joseph JM, Choi BS (2008) A combined experimental and model analysis on the effect of pH and O2 (aq) on γ-radiolytically produced H2 and H2O2. Radiat Phys Chem 77(9):1009–1020

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Peñalver L, Jesús J, Pacheco G, Carla V, Polo S, Manuel (2013) Degradation of tetracyclines in different water matrices by advanced oxidation/reduction processes based on gamma radiation. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 88(6):1096–1108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Abdel Daiem MM, Rivera-Utrilla J, Ocampo-Pérez R, Sánchez-Polo M, López-Peñalver JJ (2013) Treatment of water contaminated with diphenolic acid by gamma radiation in the presence of different compounds. Chem Eng J 219:371–379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Qu Z, Yan N, Jia J, Wu D (2007) Removal of dibenzothiophene from simulated petroleum by integrated γ-irradiation and Zr/alumina catalyst. Appl Catal B 71(1):108–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Qu Z, Yan N, Jia J, Zhao Y, Wu D (2006) Removal of dibenzothiophene from the simulated petroleum by γ-irradiation induced reaction. Energy Fuels 20:142–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chu L, Yu S, Wang J (2018) Degradation of pyridine and quinoline in aqueous solution by gamma radiation. Radiat Phys Chem 144:322–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chu L, Yu S, Wang J (2016) Gamma radiolytic degradation of naphthalene in aqueous solution. Radiat Phys Chem 123:97–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Jung J, Yoon J, Chung H (2002) TCE and PCE decomposition by a combination of gamma-rays, ozone and titanium dioxide. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 252(3):451–454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Su Y, Wang Y, Daschbach JL (1998) Gamma-ray destruction of EDTA catalyzed by titania. J Adv Oxid Technol 3(1):63–69

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Fei X, Ling Y, Shan Q (2017) Catalytic effect of a semiconductor on the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by γ-ray irradiation. Water Air Soil Pollut 228(9):372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Alkhuraiji TS, Boukari SOB, Alfadhl FS (2017) Gamma irradiation-induced complete degradation and mineralization of phenol in aqueous solution: effects of reagent. J Hazard Mater 328:29–36

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Shaoqing Y, Jun H, Jianlong W (2010) Radiation-induced catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. Radiat Phys Chem 79(10):1039–1046

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shaoqing Yu, Jun H, Wang J (2010) Gamma radiation-induced degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 177(1-3):1061–1067

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Tian Yu, Zhang J, DiWu ZL, Cui Y (2012) Distribution variation of a metabolic uncoupler, 2, 6-dichlorophenol (2, 6-DCP) in long-term sludge culture and their effects on sludge reduction and biological inhibition. Water Res 47(1):279–288

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Simões NG, Ferreira VVCE, Benoliel MJ, Almeida Cristina MM (2006) Experimental and statistical validation of SPME-GC–MS analysis of phenol and chlorophenols in raw and treated water. Chemosphere 68(3):501–510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Spinks JWT, Woods RJ (1990) An introduction to radiation chemistry, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wang J, Chu L (2017) Research progress of ionizing irradiation technology in wastewater treatment. Chin J Environ Eng 11(2):653–672

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang Y, Luo M, Song H, Ma L, Jianzhong G, Gang X, Diandou X (2018) Degradation of prednisone in aqueous solutions by electron beam irradiation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 317(2):747–756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Minghong W, Liu N, Guang X, Ma J, Tang L, Wang L, Haiying F (2011) Kinetics and mechanisms studies on dimethyl phthalate degradation in aqueous solutions by pulse radiolysis and electron beam radiolysis. Radiat Phys Chem 80(3):420–425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Zacheis GA, Gray KA, Kamat PV (2001) Radiation induced catalytic dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene on oxide surfaces. J Phys Chem B 105(20):4715–4720

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dilek S, Masoomeh M (2018) Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) degradation in aqueous solution by gamma-irradiation/H2O2. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 317(2):841–851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Abdel Aal SE, Dessouki AM, Sokker HH (2001) Degradation of some pesticides in aqueous solutions by electron beam and gamma-radiation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 250(2):329–334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sánchez-Polo M, López-Penalver J, Prados-Joya G, Angeles Ferro-García M, Rivera-Utrilla J (2009) Gamma irradiation of pharmaceutical compounds, nitroimidazoles, as a new alternative for water treatment. Water Res 43(16):4036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51878611, 51608480, and 11405086) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities (Grant No. NS2017037). The authors also thank PAPD (A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wenbao Jia.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 5134 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ling, Y., Hu, S., Chen, T. et al. Effect of dose rate on degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol by electron beam irradiation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 323, 975–982 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-07004-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-07004-8

Keywords

Navigation