Abstract
When radiopharmaceutical production facilities irradiate uranium targets for the production of radionuclides such as 99Mo, the emissions interfere with the global monitoring efforts conducted by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. While suppressing emissions from such facilities would be ideal, it is understood that radioxenon emissions may not be reduced to levels below detectable quantities. As a result, a study was conducted to investigate tracers that may be utilized for source identification upon measurement. Both radioactive and stable tracers were evaluated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
United Nations General Assembly (1996) Comprehensive nuclear test-ban treaty. UNGA, New York
Saey PRJ, De Geer LE (2005) Appl Radiat Isot 63(5–6):765–773
Ringbom A, Elmgren K, Lindh K, Peterson J, Bowyer TW, Hayes JC, Mcintyre JI, Panisko M, Williams R (2009) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 282(3):773–779
Emma V, Lo Nigro S (1975) Nucl Instrum Methods 128(2):335–337
Kalinowski MB, Tuma MP (2009) J Environ Radioact 100:58–70
Saey PRJ, Bowyer TW, Ringbom A (2010) App Rad Iso 68(9):1846–1854
Biegalski SR, Saller T, Helfand J, Biegalski KMF (2009) J Radioanl Nucl Chem 284(3):663–668
Matthews M, Saey P, Bowyer T, Vandergrift G, Ramamoorthy N, Cutler C, Ponsard B, Mikolajczak R, Tsipenyuk YM, Solin LM, Fisher D, Dolinar G, Higgy R, Schraick I, Carranza E, Biegalski S, Deconninck B, Ringbom A, Sameh AA, Amaya D, Hoffman E, Barbosa L, Camps J, Duran E, Zaehringer M, Rao A, Turinetti J, Mercer D, Auer M, Achim P, Popov V, Steinhauser G, Hebel S, Becker A, Solomon S (2010) Workshop on signatures of medical and industrial isotope production—a review. PNNL Report PNNL-19294
Bowman SM (2011) Nucl Technol 174(2):126–148
Maiss M, Steele LP, Francey RJ, Fraser PJ, Langenfelds RL, Trivett NBA, Levin I (1995) Atmos Environ 30(10/11):1621–1629
Geller LS, Elkins JW, Lobert JM, Clarke AD, Hurst DF, Butler JH, Myers RC (1997) Geophys Res Lett 24(6):675–678
Clark JF, Schlosser P, Stute M, Simpson HJ (1996) Environ Sci Technol 30:1527–1532
Ekwuzel B, Schlosser P, Smethie WM, Plummer LN, Busenberg E, Michel RL, Weppernig R, Stute M (1994) Water Resour Res 30(6):1693–1708
Kouzes RL (2009) PNNL Report. PNNL 18388
Watson TB, Wilke R, Dietz RN, Heiser J, Kalb P (2007) Environ Sci Tech 41(20):6909–6913
Simmonds PG, Greally BR, Oliver S, Nickless G (2002) Atmos Environ 36(13):2147–2156
Gatz DF (1977) Atmos Environ 11(10):945–953
Acknowledgments
This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-AC52-09NA28608. This manuscript was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring buy the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Biegalski, S.R.F., Bowyer, T.W. & Haas, D.A. Tracers for radiopharmaceutical production facilities. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 296, 477–482 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-1967-8
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-1967-8