Abstract
Batch equilibrium measurements were conducted at 25±2 °C with a granular resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin to determine the distribution coefficients (K d ) for cesium. In the tests, Hanford Site actual waste sample containing radioactive cesium (137Cs) and a pretreated waste sample that was spiked with non-radioactive 133Cs were used. Initial concentrations of non-radioactive cesium in the waste sample were varied to generate an equilibrium isotherm for cesium. Majority of the tests were conducted at 25±2 °C using a liquid to solid phase ratio of ∼100 ml/g and at a contact time of 72 hours. Two additional tests were conducted at a liquid to solid phase ratio of 10 and at contact time of 120 hours. The measured distribution coefficient (K d ) for radioactive cesium (137Cs) was 948 ml/g, the K d for non-radioactive cesium (133Cs) was 1039 ml/g. The K d for nonradioactive cesium decreased from 1039 to 691 ml/g with increased initial cesium concentration from ∼8 to 64 μg/ml. Very little change of the K d was observed at initial cesium concentration above 64 μg/ml. The maximum sorption capacity for cesium on granular RF resin was 1.17 mmole/g dry resin. This value was calculated from the fit of the equilibrium isotherm data to the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation. Previously, a total capacity of 2.84 mmole/g was calculated by Bibler and Wallace for air-dried RF resin.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. E. Prout, E. R. Russell, H. J. Groh, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 27 (1965) 473.
C. J. Miller, A. L. Olson, C. K. Johnson, Separ. Sci. Technol., 32 (1997) 37.
F. Sebesta, J. John, A. Mott, Evaluation of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a Binding Polymer for Absorbers Used to Treat Liquid Radioactive Wastes, SAND96-1088; Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, 1996.
R. G. Anthony, C. V. Philip, R. G. Dosch, Waste Management, Vol. 13, R. G. Post (Ed.), 1993, p. 503.
A. Klavetter, N. E. Brown, D. E. Trudell, R. G. Anthony, D. Gu, C. Thibaud-Erkey, Ion Exchange Performance of Crystalline Silicotitanate for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Waste Simulants, Waste Managem., Vol. 1, R. G. POST (Ed.), 1994, p. 709.
N. E. Brown, E. A. Klavetter, Separ. Sci. Technol., 30 (1995) 1203.
A. I. Bortun, L. N. Bortun, A. Clearfield, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 14 (1996) 341.
A. I. Bortun, L. N. Bortun, A. Clearfield, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 15 (1997) 909.
J. P. Bibler, R. M. Wallace, Preparation and Properties of Cesium Specfic Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Ion Exchange Resin, DPST-87-647, Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 1987.
J. P. Bibler, R. M. Wallace, L. A. Bray, Waste Managem., R. G. Post (Ed.) 2 (1990) 747.
L. A. Bray, R. J. Elovich, K. J. Carson, Cesium Recovery Using Savannah River Laboratory Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Ion Exchange Resins, PNNL-7273, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA, 1990.
M. A. Ebra, R. M. Wallace, D. D. Walker, R. A. Willie, Tailored Ion Exchange Resins for Combined Cesium and Strontium Removal from Soluble SRP High Level Waste, Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Managem., S. V. Topp (Ed.), 4 (1982) 633.
S. K. Samanta, M. Ramaswamy, B. M. Misra, Separ. Sci. Technol., 27 (1992) 255.
S. K. Samanta, B. M. Misra, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 13 (1995) 575.
J. R. Wiley, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 17 (1978) 67.
G. N. Brown, J. R. Bontha, C. D. Carlson, K. J. Carson, J. R. DesChane, R. J. Elovich, D. E. Kurath, P. K. Tanaka, D. W. Edmonson, D. L. Herting, J. R. Smith, Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium from Simulated and Actual Supernate from Hanford Tanks 241-SY-101 and 241-SY-103. PNL-10792, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 1995.
R. Chiarizia, J. R. Ferrao, K. A. D’Arcy, E. P. Horwitz, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 13 (1995) 1063.
R. Chiarizia, E. P. Horwitz, S. D. Alexandratos, M. J. Gula, Separ. Sci. Technol., 32 (1997) 1.
R. Chiarizia, E. P. Horwitz, R. A. Beauvais, S. D. Alexandratos, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 16 (1998) 875.
G. N. Brown, L. A. Bray, R. J. Elovich, L. R. White, T. M. Kafka, R. L. Bruening, R. H. Decker, Evaluation and Comparison of SuperLig® 644, Resorcinol-Formaldehyde, and CS-100 Ion Exchange Materials for the Removal of Cesium from Simulated Alkaline Supernate, PNL-10486, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 1995.
N. M. Hassan, D. J. McCabe, D. W. King, L. L. Hamm, M. E. Johnson, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 254 (2002) 33.
N. M. Hassan, D. W. King, D. J. McCabe, L. L. Hamm, M. E. Johnson, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 253 (2002) 361.
N. M. Hassan, C. A. Nash, H. H. Saito, J. C. Marra, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 256 (2003) 379.
N. M. Hassan, K. Adu-Wusu, C. A. Nash, J. C. Marra, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. (to be published).
M. M. Dubinin, L. V. Radishkevich, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phys. Chem. Soc. USSR, 55 (1947) 331.
M. Polanyi, M. Verh. Deutch. Phys. Ges., 16 (1914) 1012.
W. Rieman, H. Walton, Ion Exchange in Analytical Chemistry, International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 38, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1970.
F. Helferrich, Ion Exchange, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1962.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was conducted at the Savannah River Technology Center in Aiken, SC, which is operated for the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Westinghouse Savannah River Company under Contract DE-AC09-96SR18500. The Hanford River Protection Project-Waste Treatment Plant (RPP-WTP) funded this work. The authors are very grateful to Karen Palmer, Betty Mealer, and Yvonne Simpkins for their assistance in the experimental work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hassan, N.M., Adu-Wusu, K. & Marra, J.C. Resorcinol - formaldehyde adsorption of cesium from Hanford waste solutions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 262, 579–586 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0479-1
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0479-1