Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Role of free volume in mechanical behaviors of side chain lcp grafted products of high density polyethylene

  • ORIGINAL PAPER
  • Published:
Journal of Polymer Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The monomer, p-benzophenoneoxycarbonylphenyl methacrylate (BPOCPMA) the polymer of which exhibit mesomorphic behavior as side chain LCP has been graft copolymerized onto high density polyethylene (HDPE) in order to improve its properties. The PALS analysis of the products displayed that the graft copolymerization, while led to relatively small increase in the free volume size at low percentages of poly(BPOCPMA), resulted in decreases in the size and fraction of the free volume with the increase of poly(BPOCPMA) content. The graft copolymerization gave rise to remarkable improvements in the mechanical properties, especially in tensile strength and modulus, and the improvements were accompanied by the decreases in the free volume fraction. SEM analysis of the fracture surfaces of the mechanical test samples displayed a gradual transition from ductile fracture at low graft contents to brittle nature dominated at high percentages of poly(BPOCPMA). The XRD analysis showed significant expansions in the lateral dimensions (a and b parameters) of the orthorhombic unit cell in the crystalline domains of HDPE matrix, in consistence with poly(BPOCPMA) content. The grafting also gave rise to noteworthy increases in the crystalline melting temperature of the HDPE.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tan N, Ben Jar PY (2019) Polymers 11:1415

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Machiels AGC, Denys KFJ, VanDam J, DeBoer AP (1997) Polym Eng Sci 37:59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhou JS, Yan FY (2004) Polym Test 23:827

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Postema AR, Fennis PJ (1997) Polymer 38:5557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Saengsuwan S, Bualek-Limcharoen S, Mitchell GR, Olley RH (2003) Polymer 44:3407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ivanova T, Zicans J, Elksnite I, Kalnins M, Maksimov R (2011) J Appl Polym Sci 122:3564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Odonnell HJ, Baird DG (1995) Polymer 36:3113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tjong SC, Meng Y (1997) Polym Int 42:209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Deblieck RAC, Van Beek DJM, Remerie K, Ward IM (2011) Polymer 52:2979

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lin X, Caton-Rose F, Ren D, Wang K, Coates P (2013) J Polym Res 20:122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tian Y, Zhua C, Gong J, Yang S, Ma J, J Xu (2014) Polymer 55:4299

  12. Yang HR, Lei J, Li L, Fu Q, Li ZM (2012) Macromolecules 45:6600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hossain D, Tschopp MA, Ward DK, Bouvard JL, Wang P, Horstemeyer MF (2010) Polymer 51:6071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim JM, Locker R, Gregory RC (2014) Macromolecules 47:2515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rozanski A (2018) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 56:1203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Butler MF, Donald AM, Ryan AJ (1998) Polymer 39:39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bartczak Z, Vozniak A (2019) Polymers 11:1954

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Farge L, Boisse J, Dillet J, Andre S, Albouy P-A, Meneau FJ (2015) Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 53:1470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Humbert S, Lame O, Chenal J-M, Seguela R, Vigier G (2012) Eur Polym J 48:1093

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Humbert S, Lame O, Vigier G (2009) Polymer 50:3755

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nilsson F, Lan X, Gkourmpis T, Hedenqvist MS, Gedde UW (2012) Polymer 53:3594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Seguela R (2005) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 43:1729

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hiss R, Hobeika S, Lynn C, Strobl G (1999) Macromolecules 32:4390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Patlazhan S, Remond Y (2012) J Mater Sci 47:6749

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Pawlak A, Krajenta J, Galeski A (2018) Polymer 151:15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Pawlak A, Galeski A (2005) Macromolecules 38:9688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Humbert S, Lame O, Chenal JM, Rochas C, Vigier G (2010) Macromolecules 43:7212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Pawlak A, Galeski A, Rozanski A (2014) Prog Polym Sci 39:921

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Chen R, Lu Y, Jiang Z, Men Y (2018) J Phys Chem B 122:4159

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Pawlak A (2007) Polymer 48:1397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pawlak A, Galeski A (2008) Macromolecules 41:2839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Deburck SCY (2007) Mater Sci Eng A 448:56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Galeski A (2003) Prog Polym Sci 28:1643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Galeski A, Bartczak Z (2010) Macromol Symp 294-I:67

  35. Xiong B, Lame O, Chenal JM, Rochas C, Seguela R, Vigier G (2013) Polymer 54:5408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sharma SK, Pujari PK (2017) Prog Polym Sci 75:31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ponnamma D, Ramachandran R, Hussain S, Rajaraman R, Amarendra G, Varughese KT, Thomas S (2015) Comp Part A Appl Sci Manufact 77:164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Yu RS, Suzuki T, Djourelov N, Ito Y, Kondo K (2006) Rad Phys Chem 75:247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Djourelov N, He C, Suzuki T, Shantarovich VP, Ito Y, Kondo K, Ito Y (2003) Rad Phys Chem 68:689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Dai YQ, Wang B, Wang SJ, Jiang T, Cheng SY (2003) Rad Phys Chem 68:493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Terlemezyan L, Mokreva P, Tsocheva D, Peneva S, Berovsky K, Troev T (2008) Rad Phys Chem 77:591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Sainath AVS, Rao AK, Reddy AVR (2000) J Appl Polym Sci 75:465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Kirkegaard P, Eldrup M, Mogensen OE, Pedersen NJ (1981) Comp Phys Commun 23:307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Weon JI (2010) Polym Degrad Stabil 95:14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Howard PR, Crist B (1989) J Polym Sci Pol Phys 27:2269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Baker AME, Windle AH (2001) Polymer 42:651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Baker AME, Windle AH (2001) Polymer 42:681

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Peacock A (2000) Handbook of Polyethylene, Marcel Dekker Inc New York

  49. Mostafa N, Ali EH, Mohsen M (2009) J Appl Polym Sci 113:3228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Eldrup M, Lightbody D, Sherwood JN (1981) Chem Phys 63:51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Nakanishi H, Jean YC (1990) Positron and Positronium Chemistry, Elsevier (Chapter 5), Amsterdam

  52. Kobayashi Y, Zheng W, Meyer EF, McGervey JD, Jamieson AM, Simha R (1989) Macromolecules 22:2302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by BAIBU research fund grant no. BAP-2010.03.03.372. The authors thank to Prof. Dr. T. Tinçer for providing his laboratory for the mechanical tests, Prof. Dr. Ugur Yahşi for PALS analysis, Marmara Positronium Laboratory (MARPOS) in Physics Department at Marmara University, Prof. Dr. A. Varilci for SEM analyses, and YENIGIDAM Research Center for DSC analyses.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Altınbas University, 34217, Bakırkoy, Istanbul, Turkey

    Behiye Ozturk Sen

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280, Bolu, Turkey

    Sedat Cetin

  3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ugur Yahşi

  4. Yenicaga Yasar Celik Vocational High School, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14300, Bolu, Turkey

    Ugur Soykan

Authors
  1. Behiye Ozturk Sen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sedat Cetin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ugur Yahşi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ugur Soykan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sedat Cetin.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 101 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sen, B.O., Cetin, S., Yahşi, U. et al. Role of free volume in mechanical behaviors of side chain lcp grafted products of high density polyethylene. J Polym Res 28, 313 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02646-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02646-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation