Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Gender Differences in the Effect of Depressive Symptoms on Prospective Alcohol Expectancies, Coping Motives, and Alcohol Outcomes in the First Year of College

  • Empirical Research
  • Published:
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Problematic alcohol use and risk for dependence peak during late adolescence, particularly among first-year college students. Although students matriculating into college with depressive symptoms experience elevated risk for alcohol problems, few studies have examined the intervening mechanisms of risk. In this study, we examined depressed mood at college entry on prospective alcohol expectancies, drinking motives, and alcohol outcomes during the first year of college, adjusting for pre-college factors. Participants (N = 614; 59 % female, 33 % non-White) were incoming college students from three universities who completed online self-report surveys prior to matriculating into college and at the end of their first year in college. We utilized path analysis to test our hypotheses. In women, the path that linked depressive symptoms to consequences was primarily attributable to the effect of pre-college drinking to cope on drinking to cope in college, which in turn was associated with alcohol consequences. In men, the effect of depressive symptoms on alcohol consequences in college was independent of pre-college and college factors, thus indicating the need for research that identifies mechanisms of risk in males. Interventions that address coping deficits and motivations for drinking may be particularly beneficial for depressed adolescent females during this high-risk developmental period.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • ACHA. (2013). American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference group undergraduates executive summary, spring 2013. Hanover, MD: American College Health Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. J. (2005). The developmental context of substance use in emerging adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues, 35(2), 235–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, A. L., Kavanagh, D. J., Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Hunt, S. A., Lewin, T. J., Carr, V. J., et al. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of MICBT for co-existing alcohol misuse and depression: Outcomes to 36-months. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.10.001.

  • Baker, A. L., Kavanagh, D. J., Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Hunt, S. A., Lewin, T. J., Carr, V. J., et al. (2010). Randomized controlled trial of cognitive–behavioural therapy for coexisting depression and alcohol problems: Short-term outcome. Addiction, 105(1), 87–99. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02757.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, A. L., Thornton, L. K., Hiles, S., Hides, L., & Lubman, D. I. (2012). Psychological interventions for alcohol misuse among people with co-occurring depression or anxiety disorders: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 139(3), 217–299. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bekman, N. M., Cummins, K., & Brown, S. A. (2010). Affective and personality risk and cognitive mediators of initial adolescent alcohol use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 71(4), 570–580.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergen-Cico, D. (2000). Patterns of substance abuse and attrition among first-year students. Journal of the First-Year Experience & Students in Transition, 12(1), 61–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bischof, G., Rumpf, H. J., Meyer, C., Hapke, U., & John, U. (2005). Gender differences in temptation to drink, self-efficacy to abstain and coping behavior in treated alcohol-dependent individuals: Controlling for severity of dependence. Addiction Research & Theory, 13(2), 129–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco, C., Okuda, M., Wright, C., Hasin, D. S., Grant, B. F., Liu, S.-M., et al. (2008). Mental health of college students and their non-college-attending peers: Results from the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(12), 1429–1437. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1429.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S. A., McGue, M., Maggs, J., Schulenberg, J., Hingson, R., Swartzwelder, S., et al. (2008). A developmental perspective on alcohol and youths 16–20 years of age. Pediatrics, 121, S290–S310. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2243D.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cellucci, T., Krogh, J., & Vik, P. (2006). Help seeking for alcohol problems in a college population. The Journal of General Psychology, 133(4), 421–433.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, R. L., Parks, G. A., & Marlatt, G. A. (1985). Social determinants of alcohol consumption: The effects of social interaction and model status on the self-administration of alcohol. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53(2), 189–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conley, C. S., Travers, L. V., & Bryant, F. B. (2013). Promoting psychosocial adjustment and stress management in first-year college students: The benefits of engagement in a psychosocial wellness seminar. Journal of American College Health, 61(2), 75–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conner, K. R., Pinquart, M., & Gamble, S. A. (2009). Meta-analysis of depression and substance use among individuals with alcohol use disorders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 37(2), 127–137.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6(2), 117–128. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.2.117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. L., Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Mudar, P. (1995). Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotions: A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 990–1005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cornelius, J. R., Douaihy, A., Bukstein, O. G., Daley, D. C., Wood, S. D., Kelly, T. M., et al. (2011). Evaluation of cognitive behavioral therapy/motivational enhancement therapy (CBT/MET) in a treatment trial of comorbid MDD/AUD adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 36(8), 843–848. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.03.016.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eagan, K., Stolzenberg, E. B., Ramirez, J. J., Aragon, M. C., Suchard, M. R., & Hurtado, S. (2014). The American freshman: National norms fall 2014. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, D., Hunt, J., Speer, N., & Zivin, K. (2011). Mental health service utilization among college students in the United States. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199(5), 301–308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Enochs, W. K., & Roland, C. B. (2006). Social adjustment of college freshmen: The importance of gender and living environment. College Student Journal, 40(1), 63–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, D. M., & Dunn, N. J. (1995). Alcohol expectancies, coping responses and self-efficacy judgments: A replication and extension of Cooper et al.’s 1988 study in a college sample. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 56(2), 186–193.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fromme, K., Stroot, E. A., & Kaplan, D. (1993). Comprehensive effects of alcohol: Development and psychometric assessment of a new expectancy questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 5(1), 19–26. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.5.1.19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, R. P. (2012). Thirty years of the National Survey of Counseling Center Directors: A personal account. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 26(3), 172–184. doi:10.1080/87568225.2012.685852.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith, A. A., Tran, G. Q., Smith, J. P., & Howe, S. R. (2009). Alcohol expectancies and drinking motives in college drinkers: Mediating effects on the relationship between generalized anxiety and heavy drinking in negative-affect situations. Addictive Behaviors, 34(6–7), 505–513. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.01.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, B. F., Dawson, D. A., Stinson, F. S., Chou, S. P., Dufour, M. C., & Pickering, R. P. (2004). The 12-month prevalence and trends in DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: United States, 1991–1992 and 2001–2002. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 74(3), 223–234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, T. K., & Rogers, J. (1999). Who drinks the most of all alcohol in the US? The policy implications. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 60(1), 78–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gress-Smith, J. L., Roubinov, D. S., Andreotti, C., Compas, B. E., & Luecken, L. J. (2015). Prevalence, severity and risk factors for depressive symptoms and insomnia in college undergraduates. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 31(1), 63–70. doi:10.1002/smi.2509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ham, L., Stewart, S., Norton, P., & Hope, D. (2005). Psychometric assessment of the comprehensive effects of alcohol questionnaire: Comparing a brief version to the original full scale. Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioral Assessment, 27(3), 141–158. doi:10.1007/s10862-005-0631-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ham, L. S., Zamboanga, B. L., Bacon, A. K., & Garcia, T. A. (2009). Drinking motives as mediators of social anxiety and hazardous drinking among college students. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38(3), 133–145. doi:10.1080/16506070802610889.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hansson, H., Rundberg, J., Zetterlind, U., Johnsson, K. O., & Berglund, M. (2007). Two-year outcome of an intervention program for university students who have parents with alcohol problems: A randomized controlled trial. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(11), 1927–1933.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harford, T. C., Wechsler, H., & Muthén, B. O. (2003). Alcohol-related aggression and drinking at off-campus parties and bars: A national study of current drinkers in college. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 64(5), 704–711.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Ogburn, E., & Grant, B. F. (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(7), 830–842.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasking, P., Lyvers, M., & Carlopio, C. (2011). The relationship between coping strategies, alcohol expectancies, drinking motives and drinking behaviour. Addictive Behaviors, 36(5), 479–487. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.014.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hilton, M. E. (1989). A comparison of a prospective diary and two summary recall techniques for recording alcohol consumption. British Journal of Addiction, 84(9), 1085–1092.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hurlbut, S. C., & Sher, K. J. (1992). Assessing alcohol problems in college students. Journal of American College Health, 41(2), 49–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hysenbegasi, A., Hass, S. L., & Rowland, C. R. (2005). The impact of depression on the academic productivity of university students. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 8(3), 145–151.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim, A. K., Kelly, S. J., Adams, C. E., & Glazebrook, C. (2013). A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(3), 391–400.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kassel, J. D., Jackson, S. I., & Unrod, M. (2000). Generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation and problem drinking among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(2), 332–340.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenney, S. R., Hummer, J. F., & Labrie, J. W. (2010). An examination of prepartying and drinking game playing during high school and their impact on alcohol-related risk upon entrance into college (English). Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(9), 999–1011.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenney, S. R., & LaBrie, J. W. (2013). Use of protective behavioral strategies and reduced alcohol risk: Examining the moderating effects of mental health, gender, and race. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 27(4), 997–1009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, K. M., Meehan, B. T., Trim, R. S., & Chassin, L. (2006). Marker or mediator? The effects of adolescent substance use on young adult educational attainment. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 101(12), 1730–1740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntsche, E., Knibbe, R., Engels, R., & Gmel, G. (2007). Drinking motives as mediators of the link between alcohol expectancies and alcohol use among adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68(1), 76–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntsche, E., Knibbe, R., Gmel, G., & Engels, R. (2006). Who drinks and why? A review of socio-demographic, personality, and contextual issues behind the drinking motives in young people. Addictive Behaviors, 31(10), 1844–1857.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntsche, E., Wiers, R. W., Janssen, T., & Gmel, G. (2010). Same wording, distinct concepts? Testing differences between expectancies and motives in a mediation model of alcohol outcomes. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 18(5), 436–444. doi:10.1037/a0019724.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo, P.-H., Gardner, C. O., Kendler, K. S., & Prescott, C. A. (2006). The temporal relationship of the onsets of alcohol dependence and major depression: Using a genetically informative study design. Psychological Medicine, 36(8), 1153–1162.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kypri, K., McCarthy, D. M., Coe, M. T., & Brown, S. A. (2004). Transition to independent living and substance involvement of treated and high risk youth. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 13(3), 85–100. doi:10.1300/J029v13n03_05.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaBrie, J. W., Lac, A., Kenney, S. R., & Mirza, T. (2011). Protective behavioral strategies mediate the effect of drinking motives on alcohol use among heavy drinking college students: Gender and race differences. Addictive Behaviors, 36(4), 354–361.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, N. K., Greely, J., & Oei, T. P. S. (1999). The relationship of positive and negative alcohol expectancies to patterns of consumption of alcohol in social drinkers. Addictive Behaviors, 24(3), 359–369.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. A., Hove, M. C., Whiteside, U., Lee, C. M., Kirkeby, B. S., Oster-Aaland, L., et al. (2008). Fitting in and feeling fine: Conformity and coping motives as mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and problematic drinking. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22(1), 58–67. doi:10.1037/0893-164x.22.1.58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Litt, M. D., Kadden, R. M., & Kabela-Cormier, E. (2009). Individualized assessment and treatment program for alcohol dependence: Results of an initial study to train coping skills. Addiction, 104(11), 1837–1848. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02693.x.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Littlefield, A. K., Sher, K. J., & Wood, P. K. (2010). Do changes in drinking motives mediate the relation between personality change and “maturing out” of problem drinking? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119(1), 93–105.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacLean, M. G., & Lecci, L. (2000). A comparison of models of drinking motives in a university sample. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 14(1), 83–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahalik, J. R., Locke, B. D., Ludlow, L. H., Diemer, M. A., Scott, R. P. J., Gottfried, M., et al. (2003). Development of the conformity to masculine norms inventory. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 4(1), 3–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martens, M. P., Martin, J. L., Hatchett, E. S., Fowler, R. M., Fleming, K. M., Karakashian, M. A., et al. (2008a). Protective behavioral strategies and the relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol-related negative consequences among college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(4), 535–541. doi:10.1037/a0013588.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martens, M. P., Neighbors, C., Lewis, M. A., Lee, C. M., Oster-Aaland, L., & Larimer, M. E. (2008b). The roles of negative affect and coping motives in the relationship between alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69(3), 412–419.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, M. H., Caspi, A., Houts, R., Slutske, W. S., Harrington, H., Jackson, K. M., et al. (2013). Prospective developmental subtypes of alcohol dependence from age 18 to 32 years: Implications for nosology, etiology, and intervention. Development and Psychopathology, 25(3), 785–800. doi:10.1017/S0954579413000175.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merrill, J. E., & Read, J. P. (2010). Motivational pathways to unique types of alcohol consequences. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24(4), 705–711. doi:10.1037/a0020135.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monti, P. M., Abrams, D. B., Kadden, R. M., & Cooney, N. L. (1989). Treating alcohol dependence: A coping skills training guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. (2003). The formative years: Pathways to substance abuse among girls and young women ages 8–22. New York, NY: Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Task Force of the National Advisory Council on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2002). A call to action: Changing the culture of drinking at US colleges. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, US. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) (NIH publication no. 02–5010).

  • O’Hare, T., & Shen, C. (2012). Substance use motives and severe mental illness. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 8(3), 171–179. doi:10.1080/15504263.2012.696184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, C. L., Armeli, S., & Tennen, H. (2004). The daily stress and coping process and alcohol use among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 65(1), 126–135.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park, C. L., & Levenson, M. R. (2002). Drinking to cope among college students: Prevalence, problems and coping processes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63(4), 486–497.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patrick, M. E., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2011). How trajectories of reasons for alcohol use relate to trajectories of binge drinking: National panel data spanning late adolescence to early adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 47(2), 311–317. doi:10.1037/a0021939.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poulin, C., Hand, D., Boudreau, B., & Santor, D. (2005). Gender differences in the association between substance use and elevated depressive symptoms in a general adolescent population. Addiction, 100(4), 525–535. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01033.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reetz, D. R., Barr, V., & Krylowicz, B. (2013). The association for university and college counseling center directors annual survey. Retrieved from http://files.cmcglobal.com/AUCCCD_Monograph_Public_2013.pdf.

  • Rice, K. G., & Van Arsdale, A. C. (2010). Perfectionism, perceived stress, drinking to cope, and alcohol-related problems among college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(4), 439–450. doi:10.1037/a0020221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S. L., Brown, K. W., & Astin, J. (2011). Toward the integration of meditation into higher education: A review of research evidence. Teachers College Record, 113(3), 493–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, M. M. (2004). College student suicide prevention: Background and blueprint for action. Student Health Spectrum, pp. 13–20.

  • Stewart, S. H., Morris, E., Mellings, T., & Komar, J. (2006). Relations of social anxiety variables to drinking motives, drinking quantity and frequency, and alcohol-related problems in undergraduates. Journal of Mental Health, 15(6), 671–682. doi:10.1080/09638230600998904.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swendsen, J., Conway, K. P., Degenhardt, L., Glantz, M., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., et al. (2010). Mental disorders as risk factors for substance use, abuse and dependence: Results from the 10-year follow-up of the National Comorbidity Survey. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 105(6), 1117–1128. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02902.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, L. K., Baker, A. L., Johnson, M. P., Kay-Lambkin, F., & Lewin, T. J. (2012). Reasons for substance use among people with psychotic disorders: Method triangulation approach. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26(2), 279–288. doi:10.1037/a0026469.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Timko, C. (2005). The 8-year course of alcohol abuse: Gender differences in social context and coping. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 29(4), 612–621.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valdivia, I., & Stewart, S. H. (2005). Further examination of the psychometric properties of the comprehensive effects of alcohol questionnaire. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 34(1), 22–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wade, T. J., Cairney, J., & Pevalin, D. J. (2002). Emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence: National panel results from three countries. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(2), 190–198. doi:10.1097/00004583-200202000-00013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weitzman, E. R. (2004). Poor mental health, depression, and associations with alcohol consumption, harm, and abuse in a national sample of young adults in college. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(4), 269–277.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, L.-T., & Ringwalt, C. L. (2006). Use of alcohol treatment and mental health services among adolescents with alcohol use disorders. Psychiatric Services (Washington, DC), 57(1), 84–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Shannon Kenney’s contribution to this article was supported by Grant Number T32 AA007459 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism at the National Institutes of Health. Richard Jones’ contributions were supported by the Quantitative Sciences Program of the Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Neurology, and the Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute of Rhode Island Hospital. The data were collected under Grant R01 AA13970 awarded to Nancy Barnett.

Author contributions

Each author made a substantial contribution to the current manuscript. Authors have given approval for the final version to be submitted/published and take public responsibility for their contributions and the manuscript as a whole. Specifically, S.K. conceived of the study and conceptualized the design; conducted preliminary analyses; performed the literature review; drafted the “Introduction”, “Measures”, and “Discussion” sections; and revised the manuscript in its entirety. R.J. worked with S.R. and N.B. to further conceptualize methods, conducted advanced statistical analyses, and wrote the “Methods” and “Results” sections. N.B. was PI of the original study from which data were collected, was involved in all aspects of the design of the current paper, and coordinated revisions to several drafts of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors report no conflict of interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Box-G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA

    Shannon Kenney & Nancy P. Barnett

  2. Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 01912, USA

    Richard N. Jones

  3. Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI, 02912, USA

    Nancy P. Barnett

Authors
  1. Shannon Kenney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Richard N. Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nancy P. Barnett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shannon Kenney.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kenney, S., Jones, R.N. & Barnett, N.P. Gender Differences in the Effect of Depressive Symptoms on Prospective Alcohol Expectancies, Coping Motives, and Alcohol Outcomes in the First Year of College. J Youth Adolescence 44, 1884–1897 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0311-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0311-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation