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Establishing the Prehistoric Cultural Sequence for the Lopburi Region, Central Thailand

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Journal of World Prehistory Aims and scope

Abstract

This study comprises the first archaeologically-defined chronological and cultural sequence for central Thailand. Based on collaborative research between the Thai–Italian Lopburi Regional Archaeological Project and the Thai–American Thailand Archaeometallurgy Project, the results of excavations at seven pre- and protohistoric sites that witnessed three millennia of local cultural development, from the early second millennium BC onward, are synthesized herein. This study fills a significant gap in Thailand’s prehistory, also identifying important cultural interactions ranging into southern China and Vietnam that led to the formation during the second millennium BC of a ‘Southeast Asian Interaction Sphere’. This interaction sphere, at the close of the second millennium BC, facilitated the transmission of the knowledge of copper-base metallurgy from southern China into Thailand, where it reached the communities of the Lopburi Region who took advantage of their ore-rich environment. At the end of the first millennium BC, strong South Asian contacts emerge in Southeast Asia. Among this study’s salient contributions is the characterization of these critical prehistoric antecedents, which culminated in a process of localization of exogenous elements, usually termed ‘Indianization’. The impact of this dynamic process was initially felt in central Thailand in the late first millennium BC, leading over time to the rise there, by the mid first millennium AD, of one of Southeast Asia’s first ‘state-like’ entities.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the support over the years of Surapol Natapintu, who has been instrumental in both the foundation and success of TAP and LoRAP research in central Thailand. He has served as Co-Director for both projects, recently passing his LoRAP post into the capable hands of Ms Pakpadee Yukongdi, of the 4th Regional Office of the Fine Arts Department in Lopburi. We also wish to acknowledge the Fine Arts Department of Thailand (FAD) for its continuing assistance to our projects, and the FAD representatives who have served so cordially with our projects over the years. We also wish to thank the National Research Council of Thailand for having granted permission to our multiyear research in the Lopburi province. In Lopburi, Ms. Manita Kueunkun, former Director of the King Narai Palace National Museum and present Director of the 4th Regional Office of the Fine Arts Department, over many years graciously gave of her time and museum space for our projects’ visiting researchers. Another Lopburi-based friend and colleague of both projects, Prof. Phuthorn Bhumadhon, was always available for scientific advice, logistical support and assistance when needed. Our field and laboratory work in Lopburi would not have gone smoothly without the countless hours of effort offered by Mr. Narong Saikongdee, whose skill in translating and interpreting were critical to the day to day functioning of the projects. We are indebted to all of the professional LoRAP and TAP researchers and volunteers who took part in past excavations and study seasons, many of whom continue to make substantive contributions to post-excavation research. A special acknowledgement goes to Northern Kentucky University and Prof. Judy C. Voelker and her students for their on-going research efforts. TAP researchers are particularly indebted to the agencies and institutions that have provided support, both in the field and post-excavation: the National Science Foundation; the National Geographic Society; the American Philosophical Society; the American Council of Learned Societies/Luce Foundation; the Penn Museum; Northern Kentucky University. Finally, during TAP’s decade in the field, the patronage of the late Ms. Betty Starr Cummin of Philadelphia facilitated our fieldwork in a significant way. LoRAP researchers are also grateful to the Italian funding institutions that supported both fieldwork and post-excavation research: the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Italian National Research Council; the Italian Institute for Africa and the Orient (IsIAO); the ‘Giuseppe Tucci’ National Museum of Oriental Art; and the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (ISMEO), Rome, Italy

    Fiorella Rispoli

  2. ISMEO, Via E. Giovenale, 88, 00176, Rome, Italy

    Fiorella Rispoli

  3. ‘Giuseppe Tucci’ National Museum of Oriental Art (MNAO), Rome, Italy

    Roberto Ciarla

  4. Asian Section, Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Vincent C. Pigott

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  1. Fiorella Rispoli
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  3. Vincent C. Pigott
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Correspondence to Fiorella Rispoli.

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Rispoli, F., Ciarla, R. & Pigott, V.C. Establishing the Prehistoric Cultural Sequence for the Lopburi Region, Central Thailand. J World Prehist 26, 101–171 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-013-9064-7

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