Abstract
We introduce the Hahn quantum variational calculus. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for the basic, isoperimetric, and Hahn quantum Lagrange problems, are studied. We also show the validity of Leitmann’s direct method for the Hahn quantum variational calculus, and give explicit solutions to some concrete problems. To illustrate the results, we provide several examples and discuss a quantum version of the well known Ramsey model of economics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almeida, R., Torres, D.F.M.: Hölderian variational problems subject to integral constraints. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 359(2), 674–681 (2009)
Bangerezako, G.: Variational q-calculus. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 289(2), 650–665 (2004)
Bangerezako, G.: Variational calculus on q-nonuniform lattices. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 306(1), 161–179 (2005)
Cresson, J., Frederico, G.S.F., Torres, D.F.M.: Constants of motion for non-differentiable quantum variational problems. Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal. 33(2), 217–231 (2009)
Kac, V., Cheung, P.: Quantum Calculus. Springer, New York (2002)
Hahn, W.: Über orthogonalpolynome, die q-differenzenlgleichungen genügen. Math. Nachr. 2, 4–34 (1949)
Gasper, G., Rahman, M.: Basic Hypergeometric Series, 2nd edn. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2004)
Jackson, F.H.: Basic integration. Q. J. Math., Oxf. Ser. (2) 2, 1–16 (1951)
Bird, M.T.: On generalizations of sum formulas of the Euler-Maclaurin type. Am. J. Math. 58(3), 487–503 (1936)
Jagerman, D.L.: Difference Equations with Applications to Queues. Dekker, New York (2000)
Jordan, C.: Calculus of Finite Differences, 3rd edn. Chelsea, New York (1965). Introduction by Carver, H.C.
Álvarez-Nodarse, R.: On characterizations of classical polynomials. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 196(1), 320–337 (2006)
Costas-Santos, R.S., Marcellán, F.: Second structure relation for q-semiclassical polynomials of the Hahn tableau. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 329(1), 206–228 (2007)
Dobrogowska, A., Odzijewicz, A.: Second order q-difference equations solvable by factorization method. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 193(1), 319–346 (2006)
Kwon, K.H., Lee, D.W., Park, S.B., Yoo, B.H.: Hahn class orthogonal polynomials. Kyungpook Math. J. 38(2), 259–281 (1998)
Petronilho, J.: Generic formulas for the values at the singular points of some special monic classical H q,ω-orthogonal polynomials. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 205(1), 314–324 (2007)
Aldwoah, K.A.: Generalized time scales and associated difference equations. Ph.D. Thesis, Cairo University (2009)
Annaby, M.H., Hamza, A.E., Aldwoah, K.A.: Hahn difference operator and associated Jackson-Nörlund integrals. Preprint (2009)
Kelley, W.G., Peterson, A.C.: Difference Equations, 2nd edn. Harcourt/Academic Press, San Diego (2001)
Fort, T.: The calculus of variations applied to Nörlund’s sum. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 43(12), 885–887 (1937)
Leitmann, G.: A note on absolute extrema of certain integrals. Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 2, 55–59 (1967)
Carlson, D.A.: An observation on two methods of obtaining solutions to variational problems. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 114(2), 345–361 (2002)
Carlson, D.A., Leitmann, G.: Coordinate transformation method for the extremization of multiple integrals. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 127(3), 523–533 (2005)
Carlson, D.A., Leitmann, G.: A direct method for open-loop dynamic games for affine control systems. In: Dynamic Games: Theory and Applications, pp. 37–55. Springer, New York (2005)
Carlson, D.A., Leitmann, G.: Fields of extremals and sufficient conditions for the simplest problem of the calculus of variations. J. Glob. Optim. 40(1–3), 41–50 (2008)
Leitmann, G.: On a class of direct optimization problems. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 108(3), 467–481 (2001)
Leitmann, G.: Some extensions to a direct optimization method. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 111(1), 1–6 (2001)
Leitmann, G.: On a method of direct optimization. Vychisl. Tekhnol. 7, 63–67 (2002)
Leitmann, G.: A direct method of optimization and its application to a class of differential games. Cubo Mat. Educ. 5(3), 219–228 (2003)
Leitmann, G.: A direct method of optimization and its application to a class of differential games. Dyn. Contin. Discrete Impuls. Syst. Ser. A, Math. Anal. 11(2–3), 191–204 (2004)
Malinowska, A.B., Torres, D.F.M.: Leitmann’s direct method of optimization for absolute extrema of certain problems of the calculus of variations on time scales. Appl. Math. Comput. (2010, in press). DOI:10.1016/j.amc.2010.01.015
Silva, C.J., Torres, D.F.M.: Absolute extrema of invariant optimal control problems. Commun. Appl. Anal. 10(4), 503–515 (2006)
Torres, D.F.M., Leitmann, G.: Contrasting two transformation-based methods for obtaining absolute extrema. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 137(1), 53–59 (2008)
Wagener, F.O.O.: On the Leitmann equivalent problem approach. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 142(1), 229–242 (2009)
Aldwoah, K.A., Hamza, A.E.: Difference time scales. Int. J. Math. Stat. 9(A11), 106–125 (2011)
Jackson, F.H.: On q-definite integrals. Q. J. Pure Appl. Math. 41, 193–203 (1910)
Fort, T.: Finite Differences and Difference Equations in the Real Domain. Clarendon, Oxford (1948)
Nörlund, N.: Vorlesungen über Differencenrechnung. Springer, Berlin (1924)
Bohner, M.: Calculus of variations on time scales. Dyn. Syst. Appl. 13(3–4), 339–349 (2004)
van Brunt, B.: The Calculus of Variations. Springer, New York (2004)
Arutyunov, A.V.: Optimality Conditions—Abnormal and Degenerate Problems. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht (2000)
Torres, D.F.M.: On the Noether theorem for optimal control. Eur. J. Control 8(1), 56–63 (2002)
Torres, D.F.M.: Proper extensions of Noether’s symmetry theorem for nonsmooth extremals of the calculus of variations. Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 3(3), 491–500 (2004)
Torres, D.F.M.: Carathéodory equivalence Noether theorems, and Tonelli full-regularity in the calculus of variations and optimal control. J. Math. Sci. (N. Y.) 120(1), 1032–1050 (2004)
Gouveia, P.D.F., Torres, D.F.M.: Automatic computation of conservation laws in the calculus of variations and optimal control. Comput. Methods Appl. Math. 5(4), 387–409 (2005)
Gouveia, P.D.F., Torres, D.F.M., Rocha, E.A.M.: Symbolic computation of variational symmetries in optimal control. Control Cybern. 35(4), 831–849 (2006)
Atici, F.M., McMahan, C.S.: A comparison in the theory of calculus of variations on time scales with an application to the Ramsey model. Nonlinear Dyn. Syst. Theory 9(1), 1–10 (2009)
Barro, R.J., Sala-i-Martin, X.: Economic Growth. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)
Aulbach, B., Hilger, S.: A unified approach to continuous and discrete dynamics. In: Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations, Szeged, 1988. Colloq. Math. Soc. János Bolyai, vol. 53, pp. 37–56. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1990)
Nottale, L.: The theory of scale relativity. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 7(20), 4899–4936 (1992)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by D. A. Carlson.
This work was partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA). The first author is currently a researcher at the University of Aveiro with the support of Białystok University of Technology, via a project of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education “Wsparcie miedzynarodowej mobilnosci naukowcow”. The authors are grateful to Natália Martins for reading a preliminary version of the paper, and for many useful remarks.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malinowska, A.B., Torres, D.F.M. The Hahn Quantum Variational Calculus. J Optim Theory Appl 147, 419–442 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-010-9730-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-010-9730-1