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Rotaphone, a mechanical seismic sensor system for field rotation rate measurements and its in situ calibration

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Abstract

A newly developed mechanical sensor system, called a Rotaphone, for recording rotation rate components is described. The sensor system is based on measurements of the differential motions between paired low-frequency geophones attached to a rigid skeleton. The same differential velocity (and, consequently, the same rotation rate component) is obtained from more than one geophone pair, which allows for in situ calibration and matching of the individual sensors. The calibration method, which is a key point of our methodology, is explained in detail and demonstrated on synthetic examples. The instrument and the calibration technique were also subjected to laboratory testing utilizing a rotational shaking table. Some results of these tests are presented in comparison to the data from a reference sensor (fiber optic gyroscope). The new rotational seismic sensor system is characterized by a flat frequency response over a wide range from 2 to 200 Hz and sensitivity limit of the order of 10 − 8 rad/s. Its advantages are small size, portability, and easy installation and operation in the field. We present several examples of the vertical rotation rate ground motion recorded at Nový Kostel station (Czech Republic): first, a group of records of local micro-earthquakes which occurred in West Bohemia/Vogtland in May 2010 and, second, a record due to an anthropogenic source, a quarry blast at the nearby Vintířov quarry recorded in June 2010. The measured rotation rates are of order between 10 − 6 for the local earthquakes and 10 − 7 rad/s for the blast. These measurements demonstrate that the instrument has much wider application than just prospecting measurements, for which it was originally designed.

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Notes

  1. This is so despite the fact that rotational motions contaminate translational records. The most significant effect is on horizontal accelerations contaminated by gravitation in the case of tilting of the accelerograph.

  2. The name geophone for the principal component of the system gave rise to the analogous name “Rotaphone” for the whole rotational sensor system.

  3. They can be, if possible, measured in the laboratory. If such measured starting values are not available, complex units can be set as starting values instead.

  4. This prevailing frequency is very common for local earthquakes in the Nový Kostel area.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank John R. Evans and Charles R. Hutt for experimental assistance during testing and for providing reference fiber optic gyro data. This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation, project no. P210/10/0925. Field measurements were carried out at the WEBNET station supported by the CzechGeo/EPOS project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic

    Johana Brokešová

  2. Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, V Holešovičkách 41, 182 09, Prague, Czech Republic

    Jiří Málek & Petr Kolínský

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  1. Johana Brokešová
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  2. Jiří Málek
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  3. Petr Kolínský
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Correspondence to Johana Brokešová.

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Brokešová, J., Málek, J. & Kolínský, P. Rotaphone, a mechanical seismic sensor system for field rotation rate measurements and its in situ calibration. J Seismol 16, 603–621 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9274-y

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